push fold charts. At this point, the blinds are big and the chips are becoming increasingly valuable. push fold charts

 
 At this point, the blinds are big and the chips are becoming increasingly valuablepush fold charts  The Range Analyzer is a quick way to create images for Poker Forums or publications to define ranges

For each of these depths, we calculated push-fold ranges for three “strengths” of ICM: no, low, and high. It is folded to us. Push Fold Chart Spin And GoSB Button Cutoff Hijack Button-3 Button-4 Button-5. The number one site providing poker training, Upswing Poker, is going all out with its Black Friday and Cyber Monday sales. . Any hand displayed in red is a negative EV shove, while the light green hands are marginally profitable. You’re using push fold charts in a game where everyone starts with the same stack size and has a high rake. Calling him a “Failed Player” is an insult to one the games all time greats and has contributed exponentially to the poker community as a whole. 01 per troy ounce to $1,992. For the "Push-Chart when you are first in" chart I have added a field into which I can enter the current big blind and it displays the figures in chips rather than BB multiples. Continuing our scenario above, let's say the first player folded and the second player must now decide between pushing and folding. Push72o. The remaining 40% are mostly calls. A generic chart will lay out a wide range of hands, but more in-depth charts and apps (such as Max Silver’s SnapShove) break it down even further by taking. 6 max pre-flop guru; plo pre-flop guru; spin and go pre flop. Back to. SnG Solver allows you to import either a specific hand from a sit and go or final table or you can import and entire hand history to analyze. A crucial concept in your Sit and Go poker strategy will be to steal the blinds and antes as often as you can once the antes kick in. heads up gto charts; push/fold charts. HeadsUp Push/Fold Charts. One of the impulse moves that inexperienced players make when they are winning is to move up the stakes and sit down at the bigger tables. Playing in the HU in the BB should be. 6 max pre-flop guru; plo pre-flop guru; spin and go pre flop guru; blog; free stuff. POKER ICM IN A NUTSHELL. For games with more than 2 players, push charts. So for 2 BB and UTG, I can push Q2o but have to fold Q8o? Is the chart I found wrong or is there some logical explanation?Free push-or-fold Nash ICM calculations for the endgame of NLHE tournaments. If you call all in and win, your mat will be 34,000 and will now have a value of $155. 75. 1. Our full-ring preflop GTO charts help you make optimal preflop decisions from every position for 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 bbs. Hands in "white" must be folded. Many times, raising with intent to fold is not an option with 12-20 BB because you have active players behind you that are willing to resteal. Downloadable preflop charts for 100bb; Push fold charts for 12bbs and less; Check out your free 19-lesson poker training course. 9-max charts are reliable 6-max shove charts, the difference is negligible. We include the Jennifear push/fold charts as a default chart for tournament play. They are 6 max MTTs. A: Most of the time it is. New Float The Turn Push/Fold Poker App. I recommend Jonathan Little's Float the Turn Push/Fold App. GTO 6 Max Cash Charts (ALL Positions) GTO Spin and Go Charts 3 Handed, 2 Handed (1-25BB). UTG+2 & Lojack. Fortunately, this segment of poker was solved many years ago, and you can quite literally learn it by heart. There are 7 VTA charts published at 1:250,000 scale covering. You probably don't realize how much money you're losing in the late stage of poker tournaments when preflop action gets limited to just push or fold. Taking Your Game to the Next Level. Doing this establishes a theoretical baseline, but ultimately, memorizing charts is not enough. In those cases, which are. Push/fold charts are used in later stages of tournaments when you have a shorter stack. ♠️ Sit and Go qualifiers. In this article you will find four charts, which will not replace studying the ICM model, but represent a good guideline for the push-or-fold stage in lower buy-in SNGs. Drive Medical Grey. If the buyin is $10 + $1, and you start with 1000 chips, 1 chip = 1 cent for example. make sure to check the terms. Showing Marc Alioto How Its Done. SnapShove’s exclusive training mode quickly puts your short stack skills to the test with the added pressure of time. Since the push-fold ranges for Under The Gun (UTG) and Under The Gun + 1 are basically identical, we’ve combined them into a single chart. These. The first three betting rounds in 7 Card Stud are done using the small bet ($2 in this example). #11. DOWNLOAD >>Watch The Video Guide. txt) or read online for free. Indeed, this is a primary factor in why we added push-fold charts to the Red Chip Poker GTO Ranges app. But first, it’s essential to look at some factors that go into dictating ideal shoving ranges and strategies. While some design guidelines exist for these types of charts, there is currently little empirical evidence on which to base their design. Push/Fold is a common strategy used in tournaments in which you either go all-in preflop or fold. Actually push-fold charts are even more important if you're going to stick with the hyper-turbos. Sounds like RFI charts are fine but anything else is not allowed. Downloadable preflop charts for 100bb; Push fold charts for 12bbs and less; Check out your free 19-lesson poker training course. Much more so than the hypothetical situation described above. I've studied UpSwing's preflop charts and I've looked over Little's open shove/fold charts based on stack size. The idea behind these charts is that they are completely unexploitable. The Push Fold App is also. If you plan on playing tournaments, you will need to know your push/fold poker charts to survive the late game and have the best chance at going deep, even in big field events. Between today, November 25, and Monday, November 29, all Upswing courses will be available at a discounted rate, with 25% of the normal price slashed. What I mean by this is that just because you ran good today in. full ring push fold a (1-20 bb) full ring push fold b (4-15 bb) 6 max push fold b (4-15 bb) 3 handed push fold charts (4-15 bb) nash heads up charts (1-20 bb) the gurus. Push/fold charts are tables with mathematically solved hand ranges that should help you play optimal preflop poker when you’re short-stacked in a tournament. For instance, here's a chart for open-shoving when you're at 10 big blinds at a. If you want to have hope of being a successful Spin and Go poker player, you should learn your push/fold charts by. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Use these charts as a study tool to help you improve your understanding of push/fold scenarios. 1. If allowed by your poker site/room, we recommend keeping the preflop raise charts up while you play (until you memorize them). Next tournament – 19:00 CET, 2023 April 30th. They can help you make better decisions for max equity when you are in push fold situations, but that doesn't mean every situation should be a push/fold situation, even if a chart says you should. ) The bubble is close, and the stack is such that you won’t understand if you pass or not )) 4. Share. xlsx), PDF File (. The Push/Fold Charts designed for No Limit Holdem players who want to improve their game. plo 6 max gto charts; heads up. heads up gto charts; push/fold charts. Run It One – the biggest video library. Also, I think OP meant the HJ, not the LJ. But the profitability of the 93s push comes mainly from the fact that your opponent will fold about 85% (depending on the villains, of course) of the time, and every time he folds, you will win the blinds. 6 max pre-flop guru; plo pre-flop guru; spin and go pre flop. plo 6 max gto charts; heads up. 164. Know your push/fold charts – The late stages of Sit n Gos are where the money is, and those stages are often dominated by short-stack play. ) The bubble is close and we will almost certainly get to it, but with a short stack. ) The bubble is close, and the stack is such that you won’t understand if you pass or not )) 4. Middle Pos. txt) or read online for free. Chips. The progressions you should have in most instances are to always look to push and then change what you’ll do as other players change what they. Many weak players with 10 big blinds or less try limping into the pot, which is a mistake. 4. GET YOUR FREE PUSH FOLD CHARTS. get our gto poker. Push/ Fold charts are dependent on 3 things; How many BBs you have, your position at the table, and the action before you. In the latest version of DriveHUD (v. Here on PokerNews, you find free preflop poker charts for five different stack depths at both six-max tables and nine-handed tables. 4. You don’t have to learn each chart and frequency by heart, but the more correctly you can memorize the preflop charts, the fewer mistakes you will make. txt) or view presentation slides online. Or Big Blind: The equilibrium callbot chart only works if you’re in the big blind. SnapShove is used by over 54,000 poker players worldwide including many of the worlds best. Similarly you could divide by 4 for stack size for a protiable cutoff jam. You have the options of a credit/debit card or PayPal. 6. Tabela de push ou fold com ante de 10%. 23, 2023, the price of gold rose from $1,839. Push or Fold charts are a valuable tool in online poker because they offer a clear guide to action based on your hand and chip stack. • If your table is full of loose and aggressive players, you should play tighter than these charts indicate. These charts are most applicable for the later positions of a poker game (small blind and button). Reactions: akmost. e. You will improve it on the turn or river: 8*4=32% and real poker odds are around 31%. Just like chin up and pull up bars, push up bars also have many more uses other than their namesake. For how to play a solid push-or-fold strategy from other positions when short-stacked, check out the app SnapShove. Blueprint is an. Master the game with preflop GTO Charts, Push/Fold Charts and Quizzes, Interactive Hand Quizzes, Video Classes, Webinars and more from top-level poker coaches with combined earnings of over $50 million. Polarized 3-Betting Ranges. Additionally, the push-fold charts we recently added to CORE L1 were released on the app in the 2023 Q1 upgrade. Quote: Originally Posted by coon74. There exists easy to remember approximations of the exact solution. The "grey" hands are marginal opens, i. Push/ Fold charts are dependent on 3 things; How many BBs you have, your position at the table, and the action before you. That's why the "tanking" is profitable (and unallowed). The push/fold game is an essential part of play in Spin and Goes. Also check out our Push/Fold Quiz which. 6. The increasing blinds of tournaments produce a decrease in the average stack, as expressed as a multiple of the big blind. You can not limp with this stack size because you do not have fold equity. About Jonathan Little Jonathan Little is a 2-Time World Poker Tour. These are three main aspects to look out for in PLO starting hands. You can use your offsuit connectors to bluff. Get comfortable with using push fold charts and with calling all-in shoves. Full Ring - Push/Fold Charts; 6 Max - Push/Fold Charts; 3 Handed - Push/Fold Charts; Nash - Push/Fold Charts; PLO - GTO - 6 Max - Opening Ranges; Cancel Anytime; CHOOSE PLAN. I feel like ICM is not as relevant until final table or on the bubble. Below are approximate solutions to the shove/fold and minraise/shove preflop-only games up to. Specifically, one can input the pay-out structure of a specific tournament, and the tool calculates ranges that maximize your cash EV rather than chip EV. Nor is it hard to find tips about short-stacked strategy, including "push-fold" charts and other guidance to help you try to chip back up and into contention. The result of this is something called Push-Fold charts. 1 BB) is contemplating calling with a hand slightly below what the push/fold charts would advocate. If you are relatively inexperienced in the HUSNG format, and particularly in extreme short-stack play, then employing a strictly push/fold strategy at this depth will probably yield the highest EV. 6 max pre-flop guru; plo pre-flop guru; spin and go pre flop guru; blog; free stuff. It’s profitable because your opponents call shoves too. This video tackles one of the common misconceptions and perhaps counter-intuitive concepts that will help you make more profitable decisions at the table and avoid punting in the future. Here's how to use them: Figure out how many big blinds you have. full ring push fold a (1-20 bb) full ring push fold b (4-15 bb) 6 max push fold b (4-15 bb) 3 handed push fold charts (4-15 bb) nash heads up charts (1-20 bb) the gurus. If there is any EV difference in push/fold between chopping off the first 3 positions on a 9 max chart and a true 6 max chart, it's going to be extremely miniscule I would imagine. In addition to these charts, you can download our Poker Coaching Mobile. So far, the only useful information I found is this, and I'm not sure it totally applies to 6-Max SnGs. 5% ante charts are based on 9 players per table calculation. The optimal frequency is roughly 1/3rd of your 3-betting range. 1. I cannot sweat enough how important this poker tip is! Your goal is to learn poker strategy and concentrate on seeing all the information. Also, do you guys employ this strategy with success? P-aire 146. If you. Share. These are widely used by tournament players, as the increasing blind levels in tournaments can leave players with sub-12 big blind stacks. 5. cEV only. Push/Fold Charts. Classic Nash Equilibrium charts for the 2-player push-or-fold game. However, this solution assumes perfect play by your opponents as well - something you won't find much of at the lower stake turbo Sit & Go's. Hello guys i hope u all have a nice day and print alot of money, im a beginner who want to learn spins better and win some $ in the future im playing right now 1$ spins my br is something like 180$, the problem that im having right now is with push/fold situation i mean i know icm but right now im trying to make some push fold charts to help me out. 56. When your stack is short,. I know 2 commercial applications for calculating perfect preflop push/fold range tables: Holdem Resource Calculator and Icmizer 2. com Membership to view the Push/Fold charts! Meet LearnWPT Pro Chris Wallace! Chris, known to the poker world simply as “Fox”, is a professional poker player, poker coach, and widely respected theorist and author on the game. SNG Chart (Push Fold according to Nash) Decision making in SNG games is influenced by many factors: starting hand, position, number of players in the pot, etc. This is super important when it gets down to 3 handed or heads up. Naga AI decisionsUsing the Rule of 2 and 4. While push-fold charts are ideal for general study, they only work when your opponent has an ideal push-fold range and do not take into account other variables such as future hands to be played. In less than a week, the words “Shuffle up and deal” will echo through Paris and Horseshoe as the 2023 WSOP will officially begin. If there is any EV difference in push/fold between chopping off the first 3 positions on a 9 max chart and a true 6 max chart, it's going to be extremely miniscule I would imagine. Since the push-fold ranges for Under The Gun (UTG) and Under The Gun + 1 are basically identical, we’ve combined them into a single chart. Steps to Redeem Your PokerGO 12-Months Subscription Step 3: Since you’ve been gifted a 12-Months subscription, please select the Annual Plan for $99. Access These Charts on your phone: You can use our free App – Push/Fold iPhone App – to access these and more charts for all seating positions, and several different blind levels. Tabela de push ou fold com ante de 10%. Know your push/fold charts – The late stages of Sit n Gos are where the money is, and those stages are often dominated by short-stack play. Now let’s take a look at a few examples. It is built on the theory that when you have 15 BB or less you have two ways: go All-in or Fold. The correct continuation betting strategy is probably one of the first things you need to learn after mastering preflop play in poker. I can't speak too much for Omaha, but in Hold'em an All in or Fold strategy is usually a mistake unless you're playing very short stacked which should only be happening in tournaments. Using a more recent version of the nisi simulator than SMS, this post presents (Push - Fold) EVs based on our wait and the tile to be pushed. Meanwhile, there isn't quite as much. Those interested in how exactly this process works, The Hand Reading Lab by James ‘SplitSuit’ Sweeney offers. ⭐ Upswing Poker Chart Viewer App. Therefore we gain 284-278=6 chips every time villain calls. SNG Chart (Push Fold according to Nash) Decision making in SNG games is influenced by many factors: starting hand, position, number of. 20-30bbs if there is an open in front of you (i. The push/fold game starts once you reach the 50/100 and the 75/150 levels. It's been updated to include all-in calling ranges as well as the push/fold charts. The majority of online and casino poker tournaments will have 9-player tables. Push/Fold is a common strategy used in tournaments in which you either go all-in preflop or fold. Host enviable virtual events, no experience necessary. Simple Nash is an advanced and absolutely FREE calculator for analysis of Push/Fold and Raise/Fold situations in SNG tournaments. e. The "Open range 3-max" tool will help you in both tournaments and cash games. If you play the latter, you know the exact value of your stack all the time. 1x and you are on. For instance, take a 12/8 nit with a 3bet of 1. 여러 종류의 푸쉬/폴드 차트가. When he folds, you win 1. pdf), Text File (. and discusses why and how you should adjust your shoving ranges in each one. 푸쉬/폴드 전략이란? 푸쉬/폴드는 토너먼트에서 활용되는 일반적인 전략으로 프리플랍에서 올인 아니면 폴드만 하는 것이다. Practice with simulated poker hands. com Mobile App With Free Push / Fold Charts. PokerGo has live coverage of 100+ events, On-demand access 24 hours after stream and other poker shows available. In conclusion. Repeated use of the chart will give yo. When Folded To In The Small Blind. Members. It also assumes that your opponent is calling perfect ranges, so if you have specific read that particular player is deviating by calling less or more, you can adjust accordingly. The push/fold charts in ICMIZER take into account your position at the tournament table, the stakes and actions of the other players, the level of the blinds, and the ranges used by your opponents. Have the app open on your phone as you play your matches. Push/Fold Nash Equilibrium Heads-Up Chart. Simply following the charts below, though, will lead your play to being GTO and unexploitable. 95€ – Purchase Checkout. I really doubt the rake is beatable in GG network All-in Or Fold. It is built on the theory that when you have 15 BB or less you have two ways: go All-in or Fold. $44 per Half Year . pdf), Text File (. Re: Jennifear Push/Fold Chart. Previous Lesson. Hand strength is the obvious place to start. There are push/fold charts available on the internet - these are also known as Nash charts because they use the work of mathematician John Nash to "solve" the push/fold game. Here is poker position layout for a full-ring game: UTG – Under The Gun. It has been solved using game theory, for example in Mathematics of Poker. Download them at Upswingpoker. Similarly you could divide by 4 for stack size for a protiable cutoff jam. Al Hart (co-author of my latest book, Bluffs) and I have just released a Push/Fold Chart App for your phone that you can use during live or online play to help. The "Expresso" tournaments at Winamax, "Blast" at 888 Poker or "Spin'n'go" at. 9-max charts are reliable 6-max shove charts, the difference is negligible. You can find free charts online. fold only, and you will find sometimes that raising with intent to call, or raising with intent to fold is a better option. There are in internet precalculted push/fold charts for heads up and not only heads up. POKER SHOVE CHART. Chips. Everything you’ve learned up to this point has been geared to get you to this profitable spot. If you are a bit more experienced player and want to learn the math part, you can get poker odds charts and probability tables to study the numbers. In short, the shove-fold strategy should be used when you are short-stacked in poker tournaments. 79, representing an 8. Push fold charts are valuable, especially in hyper SNGs, but don't take them in a vacuum. Since the push-fold ranges for Under The Gun (UTG) and Under The Gun + 1 are basically identical, we’ve combined them into a single chart. Tip #3 – Defend Your Big Blind Often. Pre flop 3bet or fold ranges. How the tool works The Push Fold App is a great tool to study short stack situations where you have less than 12 big blinds and you need to decide whether to shove all in, fold, or call an all in. Other apps function in very typical way. com has grown and now offers top-level coaching from myself, Jonathan Jaffe, Matt Affleck, Faraz Jaka, Michael Acevedo, Lexy Gavin, Tristan Wade, Alex. Other exercises you can do with push up bars are: wide-grip push up, close. Conditions for the equilibrium push-fold-charts. These factors include the following: Effective stack sizes at your table; The stage of the tournament: Early, middle and late stage; Payout structure and how top heavy the prize pool is; The playing styles of your opponents plo 6 max gto charts; heads up. full ring push fold a (1-20 bb) full ring push fold b (4-15 bb) 6 max push fold b (4-15 bb) 3 handed push fold charts (4-15 bb) nash heads up charts (1. 2 days ago · From the beginning of the year to Nov. This way of folding does not require the player to lift their hole cards, as they just push them away. While typical push-fold play is 10 big blinds or less, there are situations where you will want to push all-in with up to 15 big blinds, which is why we’ve extended the chart to include slightly deeper. Push Fold Chart. 20-30bbs if there is an open in front of you (i. For those who are not familiar with Nash charts, they provide a useful guide on when to push, fold, or call in heads-up play. This rule is very simple, and it is based on counting outs and calculating how likely they are to hit. The no-ICM case is self. Push Helper - useful push fold chart based on Nash equilibrium for the most popular Poker kind Texas Holdem Poker For the better results in Sit&Go or MTT tournaments professional poker players use the "Push or Fold" strategy. Here are the main MTT poker tips we will cover in this article: Tip #1 – Play Tight Early On. I've tried Preflop+ for a year. Try it for free. The other player is Fabian ‘Frabb’ Adler, and he is hardly. CO opens 2. For games with more than 2 players, push charts are applicable for SB open-shove ranges and call charts are applicable for BB calling vs. 5. 2. Mypokercoaching Freeroll League – sponsored by 888poker & Upswing Poker. Push charts are appropriate for SB open-shove ranges, and call charts are applicable for BB calling vs SB shoves in games with more than two players. heads up gto charts; push/fold charts. I am simply looking for a current (2013) Push/Fold chart and a Push/Call Chart. Jennifear's MTT Push_Fold Charts. Middle Pos. Explanations. Push/fold strategy is basically an “all or nothing” pre-flop mindset that a player goes into when their chip-stack is depleted to 10 x big blinds or below. For finding the push/fold range for other table positions, you can use the Hold’em Resources calculator. These push fold charts were developed by one of our users. 26. Use these charts as a study tool to help you improve your understanding of push fold scenarios. This is -5BB on average. Late preflop position: The equilibrium pushbot chart only works from the small blind (and to a lesser extent from the button). . How to play with all-in in a late trounament stage when effective stacks are less than 12BB. Expert Heads Up No Limit Holdem preflop charts HUNL Preflop-only Charts. While electric models sit atop the tree when it. BelFish said: But when pushing/folding, there are optimal charts. Apr 28, 2022. If villain calls, the pot is 576 chips and we own 49,3% of that which is 284 chips. Middle Pos. I will use an example to demonstrate the process of calculating pot odds in poker, which you can use in any hand and any time you are facing a bet. Score. Includes charts for when are antes in play and no antes in play, with stack sizes ranging from 5 – 20bbs. player who has played 1 hand in the entire game all of. Find out what push fold charts are, when to use them, and how they work with different stack. You need to learn push/fold charts and limp more when you’re under 12ish bigs. *Pro Tip: the push chart can also be used when you’re short-stacked and interested in jamming "all in" from the button. 6 max pre-flop guru; plo pre-flop guru; spin and go pre flop guru; blog; free stuff. Push fold charts must be used in a short stack game when your gaming options are limited to folding or going all-in. get our gto poker. Learn how to play optimally in push-or-fold situations in poker tournaments with 10 and 15 big blinds. 4. If you are a bit more experienced player and want to learn the math part, you can get poker odds charts and probability tables to study the numbers. com : Push or fold charts. MTT Push-Fold Charts - Free download as PDF File (. The Push or Fold 6-max chart. Al Hart (co-author of my latest book, Bluffs) and I have just released a Push/Fold Chart App for your phone that you can use during live or online play to help you make better decisions when short stacked. With 14BBs it's a clear shove as per most push/fold charts. Password – missedit We partnered with 888poker to offer our players a chance to participate in the freeroll league to compete with their friends and win real cash prizes. Learn how to play optimally in push-or-fold situations in poker tournaments with 10 and 15 big blinds. The Push or Fold 6-max chart. Or, even better, let Uncle Bug do it for you: Just go to a site like Exceptional Poker to get the charts. These provide your Pre-Flop Ranges depending on your position, as explained below. The stacks are shallow and most action happens before the flop. heads up gto charts; push/fold charts. With a stack of 10 or less BBs, the “push-fold” stage begins in the Spins. NEW GTO Trainer - Clear the Charts Game Clear the Charts is a GTO trai…Most players know this, how there’s an abundance on strategies, charts, and plan for improving is contest play out on. pdf), Text File (. Full Ring - Push/Fold Charts; 6 Max - Push/Fold Charts; 3 Handed - Push/Fold Charts; Nash - Push/Fold Charts; PLO - GTO - 6 Max - Opening Ranges; Cancel Anytime; CHOOSE PLAN. Push72o. Completely disregarding non-ai stealing or limping (which btw is by far the most common gto play in short stack hu poker) limits ur ev a lot. You could add a 4th being how agressive/passive the people at the table are. The push/fold game is an essential part of play in Spin and Goes. 3. The Nash chart has the 13 cards from deuce to ace. Upswing Poker Lab – best for cash games. jennifear push fold chart poker. The theory behind PLO has been studied extensively over the last few years, and there is a lot of material to help you get better. Learn to play like a poker professional. For example, in some places the chart will tell you to 4-bet/all-in a hand like 55 and the same chart will tell you to call a 3-bet with 99 rather than 4-bet. If you’re a No Limit Hold’em player, you’ve probably used similar tactics. ICM Equity. Push-fold Charts are meant for short-stack-play, where the game of poker is solved and the correct play is limited to pushing or folding. If you want to challenge yourself, use the Push / Fold Quiz to see how good you are at knowing when to shove all in and when to fold. 6 max pre-flop guru; plo pre-flop guru; spin and go pre flop guru; blog; free stuff. Since the push-fold ranges for Under The Gun (UTG) and Under The Gun + 1 are basically identical, we’ve combined them into a single chart. full ring push fold a (1-20 bb) full ring push fold b (4-15 bb) 6 max push fold b (4-15 bb) 3 handed push fold charts (4-15 bb) nash heads up charts (1-20 bb) the gurus. This tool employs the classic Malmuth-Harville ICM algorithm. Spin & Go Preflop Chart. Bevor wir erklären, wie Jennifears Schiebe- oder Klappbrett funktioniert, wollen wir zuerst erklären, für wen es gedacht ist.