Card counting blackjack. Self-practice is the simplest and easiest way of practicing the technique of blackjack card counting. Card counting blackjack

 
 Self-practice is the simplest and easiest way of practicing the technique of blackjack card countingCard counting blackjack  Blackjack is a popular game involving luck and strategy

Colin has been counting cards for over 15 years, and ran a multi-million dollar blackjack team. Click reset to reset your numbers. Blackjack may be played with one to eight decks of 52-card decks. In blackjack, if you count cards, it's very easy to tell if other players are counting. 9s are zero, we stay at plus 3. Blackjack True Count Explanation. 2. The major aim in the construction of these tools is the accurate simulation of play in a. By Eliot Jacobson Ph. As a quick brief on how the card counting system works, let's consider the Hi-Low count. Expected Value: $101/hr (if 100 rounds/hr), more if you can play less crowded tables. 2 through 10 count at face value, i. ago. Numbers 7 – 9: 0. You’ll only be tilting. Learn to count cards: *Support me on Patreon: my mailing list for s. The High-Low was first introduced in 1963 by Harvey Dubner 1 . Hi-Lo count is based on the following rules: +1: Cards from 2 to 6. The Silver Fox blackjack counting system is a lot like the Hi Lo, except it tracks every card except the 8. Counting Cards - Blackjack Counting. (The aces are the only cards worth 11 points, while the 10s, jacks, queens, and kings are all. WATCH NOW. Cards 2 to 6 have a +1 count, cards 7 to 9 have a 0 or neutral count, and cards 10 through Ace have a -1 count. • In Halves, the 2 and 7 cards are worth +5, the 5 is worth +1. BLACKJACK CARD COUNTING TEST. By also keeping track of the number of decks remaining. Casino Vérité Blackjack software products by Norman Wattenberger for Windows PCs, and Android and Apple mobile devices, for card counting, basic strategy, shuffle tracking and Ace prediction are now mentioned in 29 books. -1: Cards from 10 to ace. Card counting is an advantage-play method that helps you determine when the blackjack odds are in your favor. Most card counting systems start with a count of 0. Self-practice is the simplest and easiest way of practicing the technique of blackjack card counting. The face value of all cards in the deck is considered to be their points, except. JP Massar poses with some playing cards at his house in Berkeley, Calif. 37,856 pages of Blackjack tables are viewable including about 15,500,000 Blackjack statistics from 320,000,000,000 rounds of play. Advantages of the True Count. The Hi-Lo system is the most popular and prominent card counting system that is also easy to learn and widely practiced by blackjack players in casinos. 5, 8 is 0, 9 is -0. Aces and 10-point cards are assigned a value of -1. Analysis and advice for experienced players who have mastered basic strategy, and are looking to add an extra edge to their game. In this video, Colin walks you thr. The most common method is the Hi-Lo system, where cards 2 to 6 are assigned a value of +1, cards 7 to 9 are assigned a value of 0, and cards 10, Jack, Queen, King, and Ace are assigned a value of -1. This system is basic, but it helps you bet proportionately and stay within your betting limits. The count begins by multiplying the number of decks with -2. The average counter is giving up $14. Except, a "blackjack" is the highest hand. The trainer is very self-explanatory, these are the basics. As you calculate the total value of cards played in the game, the system gives you an indication of what cards are remaining. At first, Hyland and his roommate started playing with just about $1000, but soon they recruited two more card counters. Before delving deeper into the world of counting cards in blackjack, it’s crucial to grasp the fundamentals. This is the best card counting training. In this, card 5 is counted as +1. But to my surprise, cheating at blackjack with electronics is actually popular. In card counting, smart investing means guaranteed returns. The Blackjack Life: A Journey Through the Inner World of Card Counting, the Lessons of Teamwork, and the Clandestine Pursuit of Beating the Odds Nathaniel Tilton 4. Count through a deck of cards. The KO blackjack system sacrifices accuracy for convenience. Suppose the first player has a 3, 6, and 10 for a total of 19 and decides to stand. Card counting in blackjack is not illegal, although. Card counters will raise their bets in this scenario because. If a card has the value 10-A then assign a -1 to them. The pros will tell you… your investment starts by investing in yourself — by using the same training used to train an army of winning card counters over the last 15 years. Self-Practice. Accordingly, an Ace can be counted as 1 or 11 depending on the cards the player holds. Beat the house and shift the odds in your favor by learning and practicing Card Counting. To display the previous card, click on the left pile. Blackjack card counting is used mainly at land-based casinos and in live dealer games. Enter: the free blackjack strategy calculator we’ve built for you! This is pretty easy to use and learn from. 56% × $17347/$10000 = 67. You should always be. The students realized they could beat the house by basing their bet choices on. The 8 is worth 0, so the count stays at plus 1. This means the chances of hitting a 10, J, Q, K or Ace is higher than hitting one of those lower cards. High cards (A-10) = -1. A quick note here: if you’ve ever played blackjack, you’ll know that your entire strategy depends on the cards the dealer draws. While not illegal, given that it doesn’t involve any criminal activity, card counting is banned in most casinos because it reduces. The easiest one to learn is card counting. And through Blackjack Apprenticeship, I’ve helped card counters find the same success that I’ve enjoyed. The game is played with one to eight decks of 52 French cards. AMA. And since a blackjack pays out at 3 to 2. . Always split aces and 8s. It is a three-level blackjack card counting technique, which is suitable only for advanced and expert card counters. , on Dec. Split 6s against a dealer 3-6, and against a 2 if DAS is allowed. When it comes to live dealer blackjack card counting, it is not impossible, but the efforts involved outweigh the potential gain. In this video, Colin explains the. Using this number, you have all you need to build the Speed Count method. This must be in a later edition than I originally read. Better yet, with registration , you can add your own card counting strategies and/or load one of our 20 preset strategies. The device vibrates when it hits a certain true count. You may have seen his team featured in the documentary Holy Rollers: The True Story of Card Counting Christians, and has been covered by New York Times, CNN, and The Colbert Report. This style of card counting exploded in popularity in 1998, when Ken Fuchs and Olaf Vancura published the book Knock-Out Blackjack: The Easiest Card Counting System Ever Devised. Start With a Fresh Deck. But if the player is given a 3 and an Ace, you can request an extra card from the dealer by counting the Ace as 1. For example, a player might assign a value of +2 to cards 2 through 6, a value of -2 to cards 10 through Ace, and a value of 0 to all other cards. Estimated Reading Time: 6 minutes. Split 2s and 3s against a dealer 4-7, and against a 2 or 3 if DAS is allowed. . As a result, you can alter your betting strategy based on the current count. Here’s how you do it: Choose the dealer’s card from the dropdown list. It is a blackjack counting system. Unfortunately, card counting is not a skill that you can pick up with a secret handshake or a cheat sheet. As cards are dealt you just add and subtract points according to their face value, and when the count reaches +1, +2 or +3 you can increase your bet. Start by practicing with a fresh deck of cards. This means that by tracking which cards have come out of the shoe during play, we can. For each card, assign a specific value. To be a winning player takes 100% accuracy. We’ve won millions from casinos through the craft of card counting. ”. For each card, assign a specific value. Modern Blackjack - New, free, 540-page, online Blackjack book. This is what you’ll learn: Assign a value to each card. There are essentially 4 steps to counting cards, or keeping a running tally of the cards, and one simple rule. 5%. 9% in single-deck blackjack. Counting cards changes your play style in certain ways. Also, you can vary the number of players at the table during a sim. Betting amount = true count – 1 betting unit. The cards are dealt until a certain amount of the shoe has been dealt – often, something like 75% of the shoe will be used before reshuffling. There's a lot more to counting cards in Blackjack than meets the eye. At Blackjack Apprenticeship, former pros clear up the confusion and hype associated with counting cards. When halfway through a deck, if your value is high, there are more 10’s, face card, and aces remaining than low cards. Here is how your counting would look during a random blackjack round: Player. The shoe and the plastic cardTHE NOTION THAT A BLACKJACK PLAYER MUST BE ABLE TO CARD COUNT 6 OR 8 DECKS WITH HI-LO FIRST IN ORDER TO BECOME A CARD COUNTER IS BEYOND BELIEF. -2. Learn to count cards: *Support me on Patreon: my mailing list for s. It keeps a count of high and low-value cards that have been played. Or you can generate this info plus much more using blackjack software. In this card counting method, all cards from 2 through 7 are assigned a +1 value, 8s and 9s are assigned a 0, and cards from 10 through ace are assigned a -1. Blackjack card counting software. This works fine as long as you’re playing in a game being dealt from a single deck. The counting cards blackjack true count affects the house edge for the remaining deck. This is a balanced system, which means that a regular 52-card deck has a total count of zero. Compare the number of lower point cards that have been played to the number. Card counting is a strategy wherein players keep track of the proportion of high-value cards to low-value cards remaining in the deck. How to Count Cards; Blackjack Strategy Charts; Blackjack Training Drills; About; Blog; Podcast; Blackjack Bootcamp; Private Training; Login; The Card Counting Mini‑Course Video 1 of 5: What is Card Counting (And How Does it Work)?Blackjack card counting is a technique that is used in popular casino classics such as blackjack. Select a Spotter to keep count of the deck at a specific table. Blackjack, also known as 21, is a card game in which a player or players compete against the dealer or “house”, by obtaining a sum of cards that is as close to 21 as possible, without exceeding that value (busting). While not illegal, given that it doesn’t involve any criminal activity, card counting is banned in most casinos because it reduces. If you don’t end up at zero, then you did something wrong. 1. For example, if the player has an Ace and 9, he gives 20 (11+9) points to this player. Blackjack is a popular game involving luck and strategy. Blackjack teams have existed since Al Francesco invented them in the 1970s. Online Blackjack - Play for Free or Real Money (Learn to Count Cards) $11000 SIGN UP BONUS. A deck rich with high cards (10, jack, queen, king, ace) favors the player, whereas an excess of low. Learning when to hit and stand is the cornerstone of the basic strategy in blackjack. Ace Five-Count is a simplified card counting system. Our guide will look at everything there is to know about card counting blackjack strategies, techniques, card values, and the main aspects of […]Blackjack Data Repository is a collection of Blackjack statistics and probabilities culled from simulations and arranged in tables. 5 and 10, J, Q, K, A are -1. There are many reasons for this obsessive misdirection, not least of which is the sheer bulk of movies, books and websites devoted to the topic. It also plots the trend of true counts and the. While it’s true that your odds of landing a 10 or Ace are the same as the Dealer’s, there are some extra features. The app has 3 modes: Play, Train, and Simulate, all of which aid players in mastering basic blackjack strategy and card counting. The counter continues to add the tags of each card in every hand including the dealer’s hand until the end of the round. 249. The game has many variations, but for standard Blackjack, the player aims at having a hand of cards totaling to 21 points without exceeding. Blackjack is a popular game involving luck and strategy. 3 hours ago · Blackjack Rules. At Blackjack Apprenticeship, former pros clear up the confusion and hype associated with counting cards. As a quick brief on how the card counting system works, let's consider the Hi-Low count. Keep a Running Count. . Frequently Asked Questions: A selection of common questions from players who are new to blackjack and counting. The 4 is a low card. Depending on which counting system you are using, this count will fluctuate with every card that is dealt. Blackjack: the complete online guide [ca]Blackjack counting card strategy basic deviations chart deviation number winning advanced Blackjack strategy chart rules bonuses playBlackjack deviation counting standard card. The major aim in the construction of these tools is the accurate simulation of play in a live casino. Master card counting. Having a good knowledge of the cards present in the shoe will give the player a chance to beat the dealer. High cards are great in a game of Blackjack, but they get assigned a -1 value in card counting, which means your advantage decreases. The values for the different cards are as follows: Cards 2 to 6: +1. Imagine playing with a single deck and knowing that an Ace had been removed. The Hi-Lo Count is the most widely written about, and in my judgment, the most commonly used card counting strategy. Counting cards is most effective with fewer decks in the shoe. As each card is dealt, players add 1, subtract 1, or do nothing based on the card's value. A 1–4 bet spread for single-deck games is sufficient to gain the advantage. 5%. 5% for each positive true count. The importance of card counting in blackjack cannot be overstated. The range of these values is a function of the number of decks in the Blackjack shoe, which is commonly six. Period. Call 1-800-GAMBLER (NJ, PA, WV) or 1-800-270-7117 for confidential help (MI), or visit (WV). The money was soon multiplied, and the blackjack card counting team was killing it in the Atlantic City casinos and shortly after all over the world. Counting is not an offense under an state or federal law in the US, so casinos cannot convict or arrest you. Efficiently train at card counting while playing blackjack. Using Card Counting to Maximize Blackjack Payout. It would be something I could go do on a night out every one or two weeks and socialize a bit without. Here are a few reasons why card counting is not dead. 2. If you come up against a dealer using multiple decks in blackjack, you can still use the Hi-Lo strategy. Learn More. I saw this as a "red light" $1 bet at the Rampart on January 29, 2021. Simply put, card counting is a blackjack strategy that allows players to determine when the odds are in their favor by keeping a running count of all low and high valued cards dealt. The higher the true count is, the greater the advantage to the player. Play. Here’s a thorough look into this intricate skill: Premise. For every 10,000 bets units in the jackpot, the return increases by 14. Split 4s only if DAS is allowed and the dealer shows a 5 or 6. • Omega II assigns a worth of +2 to cards 4, 5 and 6, and the 10 and face cards a value of -2, where aces are worth 0. 77%) and lowering the house advantage. Therefore, the number of times we have seen a card will range from 0 to 24 in our simulations. The basic theory of card counting in blackjack is to assign values to high and low cards. One of the aspects of blackjack that has made it big in popular culture is the ability to count cards. With the Uston APC card counting system, it is a good idea to divide the running count by the half-decks remaining in play. Award winning casino practice software tools for beatable games: Blackjack card counting & shuffle tracking. Colin has been counting cards for over 15 years, and ran a multi-million dollar blackjack team. World’s Greatest Job: Life as a full-time blackjack pro, by Kevin Blackwood. Blackjack is all about the small percentages, which is where card counting is most effective in nudging down that house edge. Card Counter Lite. 5 and the 9 is worth -5. The counts for each value should be intuitive, effectively mapping the number of times we had seen that card before the current hand began. Card counting is a skill, and therefore not illegal. As a counter, you know when the cards are in your favor or the houses favor and bet accordingly. Card counting does not give a player 100% chances of winning when playing the game of blackjack, rather it gives 44% chances over a certain period. Counting cards in blackjack in four steps Step 1: give every card in the deck a value. Card counting is not the same as memorizing the deck. Casino games online: Blackjack chart Check Details Gambling streaks and the standard deviation, part 4: blackjack card. The short answer is no. Using standard Las Vegas rules and a basic High-Low card counting system, a player’s advantage with perfect strategy when the count is zero is -0. Using what you see in your running count, keep a ‘true count’. 6 -> 1 10, 11 -> -1 else -> 0 }How Casinos Catch Card Counters. Different card counting techniques suggest different ways to count cards. For example, the K-O system has a 1 point value for 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s, 6s, and 7s with a 0 on 8s and 9s. Start the count after a shuffle. Advanced Blackjack Topics. If you can effectively count cards, you may boost. The Halves is one of the most complex and complicated card counting systems out there. : 342 It is the most widely played casino banking game in the world. Colin has been counting cards for over 15 years, and ran a multi-million dollar blackjack team. Split 9s against a dealer 2-6 or 8-9. 1. The 8 is worth 0, so the count stays at plus 1. . 20 is considered a very good hand in blackjack and will win or tie in 92% of cases. Card Counting is a perfectly legal way to beat casinos, but casinos w. T, the Hyland, and the Church. In Blackjack Card Counter v2. Card counting is not the same as memorizing the deck. Our team could defend you if you were arrested for false ID, assault, battery, theft, disorderly conduct, trespassing, and more. Blackjack All-In-One Trainer has 3 modes; Play, Train and Simulate. You need to start with three counts of 0 and then add the point values of that card to each of the counts. In one of the blackjack card counting methods, cards 2-6 are valued +1, 7-9 are valued 0, and 10-Ace are valued -1. Yeah, we’ve spent buckets of sweat and blood, creating this simulator, but it's worth it. All you need to do is keep track of 2 cards – Aces and Fives. All cards from 7 through 9 are considered as neutrals and will not be counted in the Hi-Lo system. Counting is possible, just need skill, luck and a bankroll. Using Card Counting to Maximize Blackjack Payout. In most other card counting strategies, players must. Use our Blackjack Training Drills to master blackjack basic strategy and card counting: Our Basic Strategy Drill trains you at basic strategy so you never make a wrong playing decision. 800-498-2234. Blackjack Card Counting Summary . I recently got lunch with blackjack Hall of Fame member, Tommy Hyland. In reality, splitting that hand will give you worse odds in blackjack, even if the dealer has a bust card. Counting cards in Blackjack is not as hard as you think. Yes, you can count cards playing blackjack online. Always split aces and 8s. The Card Counter Lite is an essentially exciting game that is based on real Blackjack card counting techniques. Many casinos also use the practice of ‘burning’ the top card before play starts, which simply means discarding it and dealing the next card down. Included the Uston Simple Plus/Minus, Uston Advanced Plus/Minus and Uston Advanced Point Count systems. At the start of a new shoe, set the Running Count equal to 0. Counting Cards Hints Hint 1 Use a switch (or else if) statement to handle the different values of cards passed to the function. If the card is worth 0, don’t do anything. The Hi-Lo (High Low) system is one of the easier and more popular card counting systems for blackjack. Card Counter can teach you various counting systems but defaults to the “High-Lo Count” system that was created by Harvey Dubner in 1963. I'm Ready. At the risk of stepping on Don's toes, yes these charts (and many more) exist in Don Schlesinger's Blackjack Attack 3. (Credit for the A-to-5 Count goes to Michael Shackleford . Another low card 3 brings us to plus 3. Now that you know the value of the cards it’s time to count them. A low-value card will add to your count by one point, and a high-value card subtracts one point from your running count. By also keeping track of the number of decks remaining. Counting cards is a strategy used by many players in casinos, particularly in blackjack, to gain an edge over the house. Counting Cards In Blackjack - How To Count Cards In Blackjack. In the Hi-Lo card-counting system, each card has one of the three following points: -1,0, & 1. Ace-to-Five Count is the simplest card counting method available as you’ll only have to track aces and fives. A 12 versus a dealer 2 is the same thing, but the true count needs to be +3 or higher before you deviate from basic strategy. Keep a running total. Never split 5s and 10s. Done properly, counting cards is a clever way to lower the house edge in online blackjack. iPad. Blackjack download. Choose a Back-Spotter to watch the tables from afar. Counting cards is a well-known tactic employed by card players to increase their chances of winning at blackjack. The greater the count, the more high cards in the shoe, and the more high cards in the deck, the greater the counting edge for the player. This is illegal in the US, as assistance from an app is considered cheating. If we fix the counter’s maximum bet at $100, then a smaller spread will yield a higher average wager and thus a higher win-rate. . Since the objective of blackjack is to get as close as possible to 21, more high cards in the deck. 5% advantage at a true 2, and a 1% advantage at a true 3. 21 - Counting Cards: Ben (Jim Sturgess) counts cards in a casino. Select the least talented. There are still multiple advantages to being a skilled card counter. The process of counting cards begins with assigning values to the cards. Most memorably, it was notoriously used in Las Vegas casinos by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) blackjack team around 1980 to 1990, where the students walked away with millions of dollars. 3. The blackjack team card counting system is greatly similar to the Hi-Lo system since the same values are given to the cards. Aces can be valued at 1 or 11, depending on the situation. The range of an individual’s blackjack betting spread depends on a lot of personal factors such as comfort level and proficiency in card counting. The top 18 plays, known as the Illustrious 18 are show in the table below in order of importance 1) The gains cited are associated with a player spreading bets from 1 to two hands of 6. Enjoy 150+ of the best blackjack games in the US. However, this should be done in the player’s mind without the casino’s knowledge. Even if you should become a master of counting cards, the advantage that you can expect to have over a casino would be somewhere between the low of 0. No. Assign A Value To Every Card. The high/low method of card counting is the most simplistic and widely used way to count cards at blackjack. Depending on the Blackjack variant, several decks of 52 cards can also be used when playing online. When a new shoe begins the count starts at zero. You use this count to determine how much your bet should be. - 1-: cards with value 10 and aces. If you’re looking for a documentary that embodies the spirit of the hit film 21, then you’re looking in the. All the numbers in the following tables are based on. Just starting out Card Counting? Thinking of going a Pro? There are a lot of people that have tried and failed, and only a few that have succeeded. While it may be relatively easy to learn, it can be challenging to master. At the start of a new shoe, your count. To use it, follow these instructions. Card counting. For anyone who loves blackjack and wants to make a good fortune by using card counting techniques, this app is perfectly suited. Card counting in blackjack is used to determine when the player has an advantage over the house. Blackjack Card Counting Summary . Cards 7 to 9: 0. Many single-deck games are unplayable even with card counting when a blackjack only plays 6-5 (instead of 3-2), and when not very many rounds are dealt between shuffles (i. But in a multiple-deck game of blackjack, let’s say eight decks, that’s 31 Aces left instead of 32. . Card counting. It is believed that it gets around 80% of the potential gain that is available from the Hi-Lo Count and other card counting systems that are significantly tougher to master. Hit. Good luck!1. Gamblers who are experienced with baccarat and blackjack sometimes wonder if the latter can be beaten through card counting. It is a three-level blackjack card counting technique, which is suitable only for advanced and expert card counters. When the true count is +1, you even the odds with the dealer. Colin is the founder of Blackjack Apprenticeship. In a typical 6 deck shoe, each additional true count point gives the player a 0. How to Count Cards in Blackjack. Beat the house and shift the odds in your favor by learning and practicing Card Counting. First, a quick primer on blackjack, the game is played using one or more 52-card decks. 50”, then the player will have an advantage starting at a true 1, a . Player’s Odds Table. Ken Uston. Split. When you’re dealt a blackjack 21, it’s customary to pay out 3:2 or 2:1. . Using user inputted card values and the number of decks remaining in the shoe, the program gives a number that represents the statistical advantage to the player or the dealer. Back-Spotters are particularly helpful in crowded casinos where. As each card is dealt, you will either add 1, subtract 1, or do. The Wizard analyzes the Lucky Ladies blackjack side bet. Count through a deck of cards. If you are not able to re-split a hand treat it as a hard total hand and follow the strategy for that hand as per the tables below. By keeping a running count, you can assess whether the cards still to come will be high value or low value. His or her running count is currently “plus-one” (+1) + (+1) + (-1) = +1). For example, if the player has an Ace and 9, he gives 20 (11+9) points to this player. Counting in 50% penetration is not worth, trust me. The process of counting cards begins with assigning values to the cards. Cards 10 to Ace: -1. This is the Kotlin implementation of these rules: fun cardValue(card: Int) = when (card) { in 2. The team-based approach is nothing new to card counting. Card counting in the game of Blackjack is simply keeping a running tally of all higher cards and low cards a player sees. Counting Cards in Blackjack: A Brief Introduction. org, our drive is to educate and to keep blackjack playersHow Card Counting Works in Blackjack Understanding the Basics of Card Counting. But if mastered, it has the potential to give players an edge over the house. You should always be. The example uses the Hi-Lo system, one of the easiest and most popular methods. Imagine playing with a single deck and knowing that an Ace had been removed. Card counting is a strategy wherein players keep track of the proportion of high-value cards to low-value cards remaining in the deck. If you’re good at counting cards, then you can beat many live blackjack games in casinos around the world. An Ace is minus 1. Card counting is a blackjack strategy used to determine whether the player or the dealer has an advantage on the next hand. The higher the running count, the more you bet. Alongside this strategy, the team uses a three-person team strategy with a big player, a controller and a spotter. A Walkthrough on Card Counting. This is a simple but effective method for keeping track of the cards you have played and how they affect your chances of winning. This is because 3 – 1 = 2, and 2 betting units equals $20. Card Counting device for blackjack that fits in your pocket. Split 6s against a dealer 3-6, and against a 2 if DAS is allowed. Card counting is a technique used to track the ratio of high cards to low cards in the deck. Our 70+ videos, and resources, teach you concepts like. Play free blackjack with our instant, no registration, no download games. . . When there's a 51% chance of you winning, you bet $100 and a 49% chance of you winning, you bet $10. Blackjack Card. 15% compared to multi-deck blackjack games that have a house edge between 0. Unfortunately, card counting is. The indices range from -2 to +2, which is why it’s a level 2 system. The 24 lessons you see here will take you step-by-step through the process of learning how to play each hand properly, how to count cards, how and when to properly bet and literally hundreds of other “tricks of the trade”. $5 (Table Minimum) – $200 (Table Maximum) The example above illustrates the possible range at a $5 minimum table. Python based program that calculates the true count of a blackjack game using Wong Halves, Omega II, or Lo-Hi systems.