141). Generally, linear thermal expansion is most applicable to solids. Company USA: (937) 778-8947 • Canada: (905) 457-6223 • International: (937) 615-3598 12 90 Friction Loss For Water At 60° F Per 100 Feet Of Pipe New Schedule 40 Steel Pipe - The friction values are from the Hydraulic Institute Pipe Friction Manual. For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. 15CO 2 eq. If the sheet metal gauge tables hadn’t been already constructed and researched, now would be the time to go away and spend hours trying to find the necessary information to complete the design. while stainless steel plates can. Titanium had a longer life at low stresses compared with stainless steel, and stainless steel had a longer life at higher stresses. For structural steel A36, the limits for the slenderness ratio are: For short columns: 40 ≤ (KL/r) For intermediate columns. I. This article discusses the properties and applications of stainless steel grade 304 (UNS S30400). The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i. They also have excellent toughness and can be used in the food, marine, chemical and architectural fields. 2 or later Related Application Notes: For a complete list, click here. The friction coefficient value changes not only with material but also with the position and. 16. ) Tightening Torque min max min max min max min maxThe K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. If you get a message that says inserting a bend table may cause the developed length of the flat pattern to change, click Yes. 24 r/d=0. Although, reliable sources (mentioned at the reference section) has been used for compiling the above COF table but still the values shown are approximate only. K Factor. 30 mm / 0. steel research international is a metallurgy journal for the research and development of steel and related materials. Other guidelines to remember when the processing draw reductions are:Thread Coeff friction Preload (Kn) property class Tightening torque (Nm) property class Min. 4 - 10 Rotary Meter (Star or Cog. Davis, Davis & Associates (Ed. 33 K factor 0. 8 538 16 21 1387 35 41 55 1985 51 59 78 2319 59 68 91 6 1 763 27 36 1968 60 70 93 2816 86 100 133 3291 101 117 155layer containing air gaps (m2K/W) R ub Is the total thermal resistance of the construction ignoring thermal bridges (m2K/W) ∆U’’ Is the air gap correction factor as defined in BS EN ISO 6946 (Annex D). 62. These market insights include five-year forecasts of production, consumption, and prices. Most of our threaded connections use thread inserts of some kind, mostly helicoil, or PEM. Hazard. In 2001, Rasmussen et al. Davis. A typical value of the K factor varies between . Tensile specimens were machined from these AM bulk materials for three different inclinations: 0 ° , 45 ° , and 90 ° relative to the build plate. Modeling up my first stainless steel parts, as I usually only use mild steel. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. & Yu, W. Joint Tightness 95 3. The thermal conductivity of the stainless steel is 19 W/(m K) and the thermal conductivity of the insulation board is 0. For a PVC pipe with absolute roughness k = 0. Hazen-Williams coefficients are used in the Hazen-Williams equation calculate friction loss in ducts and pipes. Always verify product details with the technical data sheet and consult. 2 P a = 6732 P a = 0. 5% chromium, the oxide film is of insufficient durability. 2% to 2. h l = Head Loss (m/100 m). 64-Rubber (60 A Belt). 7 C). Compression Screw: Stainless Steel UNS-S31603 Trigger and Support: Stainless Steel UNS-S31600 Fusible Element Assembly: Beryllium Nickel, coated with black acrylic. R = Inside Bend Radius; A = Bending Angle; T = Sheet Thickness; K = Value of K-Factor. Stainless steel 1kg = 6. 4401, DIN 1. The thermal conductivity of steel is measured at approximately 45 W/ (mK), which is extremely low compared to copper and aluminum that exhibit a thermal conductivity value of 398 W/ (mK) and 235 W/ (mK) respectively. 3-0. 8 Bare Steel with Guide Point; DIN 7984-8. 1: Titanium Alloys: Material: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 10-6 (°C)-1: 10-6. Max PSI. 2 show that Victaulic Vic-Press for Schedule 10S stainless steel fittings and Schedule 10 stainless steel pipe compliant with ASTM A-312 may be used on ASME B31. Effect of low-temperature on mechanical behavior for an AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. Includes additional data and reference information carefully. mild steel 0. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. 20-0. Stainless steel prevents rusting because of its composition. . Piping Material. Keep in mind that there will be a reduction rating when sensing stainless steel. 125 and a K-factor of . A slenderness ratio greater than. 75–1°. DIN 6912-8. Thread: 15mm (1/2") NPT, (BSPT optional) K-factor: 115 (8. Now what? What. Steel is the global backbone material of industrialized societies, with more than 1. Multiple escutcheon options allow up to 1/2-inch (12,7-mm. AISI 304 is also commonly known as 18/8 steel as it contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Pendent, Recessed Pendent, Upright. Steel: 90: 110 – Galvanized iron: 120: 120: Polyethylene: 140: 140: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 150: 150: Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) 150: 150:Sheet Metal Gauge Chart. The effect of bolt coatings and lubricants on the friction coefficients. K Factor: 8. 4(32) for corrugated stainless steel tubing, and. 6 8. Minor or dynamic pressure loss in pipe or tube system components can be expressed as. This factor determines which of two high-temperature strength properties should be given priority; creep or creep-rupture (sometimes called stress-. The coefficient k is measured in watts per meter Kelvin (or degree) (W/mK). Italian / italiano. . Base part number is shown. See moreHow do you calculate the k-factor for different kinds of steel (or materials)? Say I have a stainless steel AISI 316L and a hot rolled steel S235 JR, will they have the same k. units by 10. If your bend radius needs to be adjusted, a member of Engineering & Design Services team will contact you before your design is. Stainless Steel 296 x 10 -5 35 x 10–5 Copper 326 x 10 -5 44 x 10 -5 Aluminum 415 x 10 -5 47 x 10 -5 Iron 198 x 10 -518 x 10 Invar 40 x 10 -5-. Copper, Ductile Iron, Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel and Aluminum Piping Materials - Temperature Expansion Thermal expansion of typical piping materials. 00 Energy Electricity Country Canada kWh 10%0. Can I re-use PTFE coated studs? You shouldn’t. I. 2 ext { m}^2 A= 1. In simple terms, R-values measure the effectiveness of insulation and a higher number represents more effective insulation. NEMA 3R stainless steel (Type 316) available through 150 kVA. From the diagram above, with the relative rougness and the Reynolds number - the friction factor can be estimated to aprox. 678 W/m 2 K = 4. MIL-PRF-907F; Service. R = inside bend radius. 318, which is not a terrible starting place for sheet metal design. 7 6061-T6 Aluminum 1/2" between 60-65 41. Bumax 88 Stainless Steel 316L stainless steel with a high molybdenum content offering corrosion resistance similar to 316 stainless steel. Neutral Axis Representation. Hazen-Williams Coefficient. It is also known as bend allowance and serves to calculate the sheet metal layout. This has been attributed to the nature of the grain boundary or the misorientation angle (proximity to low coincident site lattice – CSL). Fn for stainless steel spring steel is approx. 432, R=plate thickness, unfold size can accurate to 0. Hot Working. 5% and allowable stress 16000 psi - can with quality factor E for steel 0. 6 K-factor Sprinklers with a temperature rating of 280°F (138°C a) re not sutai be l for recessed installations. Flexible Rubber Tubing - Smooth. ” When a flat piece of material is bent the inside face of the bend is compressed and the outside part stretches. 01 (m) and Reynolds number Re = 10 7 - the relative rougness can be calculated as. A typical uncertainty in the roughness values can be assumed to be in the range ± − 30 -50 %. (125 Pa) for different sizes and lengths are shown in Table 402. Insert the convective heat transfer coefficient for inner surface, h i = 10 W/m 2 ⋅ K. 6 times value for smooth bend. stainless steel 316 (for mv-bs) stainless steel 316l-blow-off cap elastomer elastomer elastomer elastomer note: equivalent specification is indicative only. It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800–1500°F (427– 816°C). 0 mm), SUS445 (t = 0. The inside radii are based off of a standard Air Bend Force Chart. 6. 06 0. 15 K = 0. 33: K factor:. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) T = K×F×D. We have already agreed that the K-Factor will be constant at 0. Globally, 304 accounts for more than 50% of stainless steel consumed. The making of steel involves many processes and stages. 40. DIN 913 Flat Point; DIN 914 Cone Point; DIN 915 Dog Point; DIN 916 / ISO 4029 Cup Point; A2/A4 Stainless Steel; DIN 479-8. Abrasion, impact, & chemical resistant. 88 x Fn for music wire. Monel alloy 400 has a specific gravity of 8. Canvas belt, woven, on steel. 7 min read. 301 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be supplied in various hardness and strengths. I. The only study available in the literature for the SCFs of SST joints is by Feng and Young [9], who examined the SCFs of stainless steel SHS and rectangular hollow section (RHS) tubular X-joints. In heat transfer analysis, thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. 5 in, wall thickness 0. 001 −0. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 60 53. Lodgement Spring: Stainless Steel Pin: Stainless Steel Cup: Steel Cover Plate: Steel Installation Wrench: Ductile Iron Cover Plate Finishes: • Chrome plated • White painted •. 28 r/d=0. ) F = target preload (lb) NOTE: do not confuse this with bolt yield point or yield strength. The properties of 304 stainless steel including chemical properties, physical characteristics, thermal properties and mechanical properties, etc. 15 : Parent topic: Engineer’s Reference. It is used in applications with an operating range of -65° to +2,400°F (-54°C to. Nut-Factor (Nut-Factor) 0. oCompDef = ThisDoc. Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. Steel Grades; Steel Pipes; Cast Iron; Ductile Iron; Polyethylene Plastic; Polyurethane Plastic; Stainless Steel. Stainless steel is the general name for a family of steels that are corrosion-resistant and contain a minimum of 10. 5 – 0. radius. T = 1 \text { mm} T = 1 mm. 2 mil per year on Type 316L stainless steel in aluminum-zirconium process first cycle. 81 m/s 2] The value of the friction factor is dependent on the Reynolds number, the shape of the pipe, and the roughness of the pipe walls. An analysis of harmonic loads and a calculation of the K Factor. It contains at least 10. The K-factor is used to calculate flat patterns because it is related to how much material is stretched during bending. There are other values for stainless and aluminum, but in most cases, 0. 0. 0. . NPT sprinkler joint should be obtained with a torque ofThe “K” factor variation ranging from 0. Its carbon content is ≤0. 0015 10 -3 (m) , hydraulic diameter d h = 0. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. 2% carbon and other alloying elements. The bend allowance describes the length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend. Note: TYCO series TY-L 8. The tool can be used for any flow type. Seat: Copper UNS-C11000 and Stainless Steel UNS-S30400 Belleville Spring Sealing Assembly: Nickel Alloy, coated on both sides with PTFE Tape Compression Screw: Stainless Steel. 83 @ 1000ºF. Can someone explain how to properly setup and use a k-factor based bend table. F1XLH and F1FRXLH Series Standard Spray Sprinklers. 0 k-factor 3/4 inch npt sprinklersFirst, we choose the option to use a gauge table. The K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis to material thickness (as shown in the equation below). Calculate Thermal Pipe Expansion. 2 in. Y factor considers the internal stress. Fanning Friction Factor. 8 Steel BZP 0. [1] It is a measure of the rate of heat transfer inside a material. q / A = [(17 W/(m K)) / (2 10 -3 m)] (80 o C) = 680000 (W/m 2 ) = 680 (kW/m 2 ) From VDI2230-1 [3], friction coefficient of dry austenitic stainless steel bolt is >= 0. Sheet metal thickness is denoted by gauge, sometimes spelled gage, which indicates a standard thickness before processing. where: BA = bend allowance. Hot food in stainless steel containers. 0. 0) is cold-rolled steel; 304 stainless steel has a factor of 3. Although, measurement variations by an order of 10-1 have been observed, the. For SLM, both single melt (SM) and checker board (CB) laser scanning strategies were. 7 Expanded size of flattened steel plate: L = A + B – 0. Stainless Steel: 304ss, 316ss, 410ss. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. 02 0. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. I am primarily processing stainless steel, 304 and 316, with a range of thickness from 1. Land Angle: Positive. This article summarizes the thermal conductivity of stainless steel 304 and 316 at various temperatures in annealed condition, also other stainless steel grades. K-Factor - used for engineering programs, such as Pro-E. This means that the bent stainless tube often shows ‘wrinkles’ on the inner surface of the bend. A com plete listing of all AISI stainless steels and a description of each are contained in the AISI publica tion, "Steel Products Manual -Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels, December 197 4. Where high strength is. Land Width: 0. Product code: ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. R-value (thermal insulance factor) is a measure of thermal resistance. Other stainlessYou can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. 237 in, thickness tolerance 12. 15 - Carbon Steel Alloy @ 60,000 PSI Contact Stress; Certifications. Learn more about carbide inserts Cutting-Edge Geometry Parameters. (K-factor). For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. 0 μm level mostly of Fe 3 O 4 with some of α-Fe 2 O 3, which means. , in. 79. in feet of straight pipe). Step-2: Enter K factor values. MATERIAL, BEND RADII AND MINIMUM BEND SIZE CHARTS. If a material is 0. The scope ranges from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering, process control and testing. [Stainless steel 735] 26. 0. K Factor in sheet metal bending is a constant used to calculate sheet metal flat length or Flat-pattern. The K-factor is used to determine the length of the metal plate stretched during the bending process. Insert the inner radius, R i = 1 mm R_i =1 ext{ mm} R i = 1 mm. 4 Btu/ft·h·°F at 212 °F), yield. It is recommended for parts that cannot be annealed after welding in certain corrosive environments. 10-16 K-Factor Low Noise. t = distance from inside face to neutral sheet. F1 and F1FR Series Conventional Sprinklers. The higher strength comes at the cost of lower corrosion resistance at higher temperatures. 25 to 0. Under the relatively light load of 0. a K Factor of 2. F1FR40 Standard Spray Sprinkler. 93 g/cm3 (0. On unlubricated connections, I use k=0. Stainless steel grade 430 is capable of resisting oxidation up to 870°C (1598°F) in intermittent usage, and up to 815°C (1499°F) in continuous usage. μ = static (μ s) or kinetic (μ k) frictional coefficient. μ = Ff / Fn. , and Giarratano, P. Many designers reference a chart like this or use test pieces to calculate the K-Factor for specific projects. Stainless Alloy 17-7PH: 11. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form. 5 = 2. Churchill Friction Factor Formulae and Calculator ; Pipe Friction Equations Within Pipe For Fluid Flow ; Link to this Webpage: Copy Text to clipboard. K-Factor Three-Phase DOE 2016 Efficiency, Aluminum. The lowest expansion is found in the iron-nickel alloys such as Invar. 5% chromium. In our case, we will use the table for ALUMINUM-INCH. Ideal to use in areas with high exposer to. k. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. Riveted steel (new) 0. VK636 - Mirage QREC Light Hazard ELO Concealed Pendent Sprinkler (K11. K-factor Stainless Steel Pendent and Recessed Pendent Sprinklers must be installed in accordance with this section. Specifying a Gasket Size for the Flange System 94 2. Grade 5 Titanium. Take the bend allowance as 2. 18: Cadmium-Plated: 0. Finding stainless steel materials in the Total Materia database. 1 very often which confuses me. 15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0. R – inside bend radius in m. Thermal conductivity coefficients for insulation materials, aluminum, asphalt, brass, copper, steel, gases and more. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . Next we simply need to choose the specified gauge of 10. where . n. 16. It is a function of the materials' frictional characteristics, which are based on surface finish, coatings and so on. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . Type 304 has good processability, weldability, corrosion resistance, heat resistance. 75. The conversion factor k was chosen so that the values for C were the same as in the Chézy formula for the typical hydraulic slope of S=0. The FTB4800 provides a wide range flow metering in a stainless steel package. Insulation characteristics. ACTIVE FILTERS: Clear filters VicFlex™ Style AB6 Assembly – Cold Storage K 5. The following are Typical C factors used in the Hazen. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh (2003) 26. The two main frictions used are static friction and kinetic friction. Step 1a: Choose Installation Type. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . AISI 301 Stainless Steel (UNS S30100) AISI 301 stainless steel (UNS S30100) is the most susceptible to cold deformation strengthening among conventional austenitic stainless steels. Stainless Steel & Rust; How to Clean. The below Excel chart is for even-numbered material gauges 8 through 22 and has a default K-Factor of . To enhance its properties, alloying elements can be added to steel. Nominal K-Factor: 8. tR = tF + 459. The presence of chromium creates an invisible surface film that resists oxidation and makes the material “passive” or corrosion resistant. g = Universal Gravitational constant. Modulus of elasticity 193 GPa. Stainless Steel 316 . 3 to SDR 26), PVC (Schedule 40, 80, and CL100 to CL315), Stainless Steel (Schedule 5s, 10s, 40s), Steel (Schedule 40,80,160) and more. K – constant. This study provides comparative durability data for K wires made. 8 4. Data Tables Table 2. 0 6. K = nut factor. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. The diameter of a dimple should be no more than 6 times the material thickness. 33 K factor 0. 4. 4 be calculated asThe equation for Darcy friction factor is given below, Hf = 4fLv2/2gD. t. h: heat transfer coefficient, W/ (m 2 K)Emissivity is a measure of the efficiency in which a surface emits thermal energy. The lockwasher serves as a spring while the bolt is being tightened. 1994, ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. Stainless steel sprinkler joins Viking’s wide selection of corrosion resistant sprinkler options including “Electroless Nickel PTFE” (ENT) plated sprinklers, which are available throughout a significant portion of the Viking sprinkler product line. If you have a bend allowance you can calculator the K factor from it. 4(30) for smooth wall semi-rigid tubing, in Table 402. The coefficient of friction between the bolthead (or nut) and its mating surface. The K-factor is calculated based on value ranges and is used to determine the following: Tube bending feasibility (whether it is in fact possible to bend a round,. 5. Knowing the k-factor formula is essential in order to bend any kind of sheet metal correctly; in fact, it varies according to the type of material to be deformed. This is defined as the length of the neutral fibre from the beginning to the end of the arc generated by the bend. 2% Offset Strength in 2 in. It contains a much higher amount of chromium than carbon steel. 5°. 0 K-factor. 15 K = 0. K-Factor - A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. 5, leading to a K-Factor of approximately . 77 Material Iron metal Steel Steel r. Fracture toughness. K-Factor - A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. They depends on fluid velocities, viscosities, conditions of the heating surfaces, size of the temperature differences and so on. The recommended binder pressure for round draws of low-carbon draw-quality steel is 600 pounds per lineal inch around the post (draw post diameter x 3. I. e. Therefore, the potential energy is smaller by a factor of 10. ,. Temperaturepressure regulators—k series 1 pipe, weld, vcr, vco fittings standard tubing modular systemd hose / flexible tubing bellows, diaphragm valves ball plug valves check relief valves needle metering valves k sries rgulars instrument systems manifold measurement devices references medium- high- pressure tube fittings pressure regulators k seriesThis will have an effective length factor K associated. The nozzle has an external deflector that discharges a uniformly filled cone of medium velocity water droplets. 4 77. F = μkN F = μ k N. k. 6)We are going to review three bending scenarios with three different bending angles; 60, 90 and 120, and we will calculate K-Factor, Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction for them.