reverse-transmission of system 2 reflected power through system 1 will be (0. Insertion loss causes due to two factors namely ohmic loss, dielectric leakage and the return loss is caused due to mismatched systems. 8. dBm To Watt Calculator; Noise Factor to Noise Figure Calculator; Noise Temperature to Noise Figure Converter;A single-ended signal is referenced between a single transmission line and the return path. VSWR Reflection Coefficient. Cascaded Noise Figure Calculator Calculate the input referred noise figure for cascaded stages. 394% gain, when, dividends reinvested, it was more like a 26. For example, you must be 50 by the end of 2023 to contribute $7,500 to. In addition, some low-pass. Input Return Loss Var2. Radio Frequency Engineering Calculator. To do so, calculate the desired return loss and subtract the known load return. Gross Rent Multiplier – Purchase. From a certain perspective 'Return Loss' is a misnomer. 20 / 200 = 0. The large number of samples provides averaging, which is necessary in applications where the signal has a fast changing envelope. 5:1 is considered ideal in the RF field, and. Timing and eligibility criteria vary. Cash on Cash – The return on investment. 852. Use the S11 value in the calculator above to find the equivalent VSWR. 367961 = 20*log10 (15. Our Forex profit loss calculator can be used as a take profit or stop loss calculator whether you’re actually using sl/tp values or closing the trade manually. Currency of measurement. You can think of it as a gauge of how well cables match. Claims for loss of earnings can be made when income loss results from insured events like injuries or accidents. 08-23)/ (1. 5-ton unit. Like insertion loss, return loss is also generally described in decibels of power. 04 dB. TR = (CV - OV) + E TR = (C V − OV) + E. Experienced tax pros. A fine-tuned understanding of these metrics can guide an engineer to enhance system performance, optimize power transmission, and develop breakthrough solutions. This loss value becomes 0 for 100% reflection and becomes infinite for ideal connection. In this highly technical and exacting field, having precise tools like a VSWR/return loss calculator at one's disposal is a necessity. Several sources say that return loss bridges have high insertion loss. Return loss is a measure of how well devices or lines are matched. Impedance mismatches in the cabling cause reflections that are seen as lower return loss. ). Maximum loss (ML) = premium paid (3. (4,900-4,500) - 250 = $150. The time taken to measure both forward and reverse coupled signals, and calculate return loss is approximately 1. Just follow the 5 easy steps below: Enter the number of shares purchased VSWR Calculator. You must optimize the PCB trace impedance to achieve a better return loss or less signal reflection. 5 dB. Descriptions of IL and RL with examples of how the measurements relate to the ratio of Pout to Pin, and Preflected to PinEstimate your 2023 - 2024 tax refund for free with TaxSlayer's refund calculator. 17. Subtract any insurance or other reimbursements you. 0 or the results don't mean anything!). This means return loss will always be positive. 22 = $1,100. If your capital losses exceed your capital gains, the amount of the excess loss that you can claim to lower your income is the lesser of $3,000 ($1,500 if married filing separately) or your total net loss shown on line 16 of Schedule D (Form 1040). Answer: 0. The net income calculator is so powerful that it can calculate the gross income from the net income. You can specify insertion loss down to less than 0. dBm to Milli Watts Calculator. If you get an uneven number, such as 2. 00 every month, your investment would be worth in if we. The reflection coefficient is another measure which is closely relate…Return Loss and Mismatch Loss Calculator Calculates the absolute load impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR, return loss and mismatch loss of a load. Step 2: Choose either the date when you invested or add the purchase price manually. 707. Where TR is the total return ($) CV is. High return loss means low reflected power, so high return loss is good for a system. You can use this handy stock calculator to determine the profit or loss from buying and selling stocks. 719328 = modulus ( (1. Calculate the return loss, mismatch loss, and VSWR of an antenna based on return-loss, VSWR, or reflection coefficient. To make sure you have accurate information, the IRS recommends counting “from the day after the day you acquired the asset up to and including the day you disposed of the asset. everything RF has the largest selection of online calculators for the RF and Microwave. 00: 0. How to calculate Return Loss using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Return Loss, enter Reflection Coefficient (r) and hit the calculate button. For a return loss of 10 dB, the mismatch loss is 0. a wavelength in inches or feet. 0. 3% (source:. When return loss is less than ~ –13 dB, insertion loss impact is < 1 db Bogatin Enterprises, a LeCroy Company 2012 Slide -12 Return Loss Ripples Add Some JazzThe return loss is important in communication systems, especially for antennas, as it affects the efficiency of the signal transmission. But, for a practical system, there will be a small impedance. Take another look: Starting weight: 200 pounds. Step-8. 54-88 MHz -- Low VHF; 88-108 MHz -- FM;In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. 12:1, which is a. ← Conducted RF Environments With Real RF Devices Vs. Decide if you want to go long or go short. So, given that -- I calculate my overall S-parameters (port 1 = input port; port 2 = power meter port): S11=17. Thus, for this system, VSWR = 1:1 (i. , some amount of incident power will reflect the source in a practical system). 87. 05:1 it calculates a VSWR of 1. You may also be interested in our League Table Creator or/and Pythagorean Expectation Calculator. Our tax calculator stays up to date with the latest tax laws, so you can be confident the calculations are current. Southwest Antennas offers a number of online RF calculators and conversion tools to help engineers, system designers, and technical salespeople make decisions about their system needs and requirements. Radiation loss is design dependent and some circuit designs are more or less susceptible to this type of loss. e. Power handling may be limited by the connector choice. This rule of thumb enables us to estimate the maximum amount of return loss allowed for a component like a connector or package. The net profit margin formula. 5. Smaller return loss is bad, and means less energy is going into our antenna. VSWR Conversion Table. First, the signal experiences a 3 dB loss traveling from port A through the power splitter and thus there is -3 dBm signal at port S. The VSWR is a measure of the efficiency of a transmission line and is used to determine how well the line is matched to the impedance of the load. Crypto Calculator: A Simple Way to Estimate Profits or Losses. For example, an efficiency of 0. Calculates the resistor values, attenuation, minimum attenuation, 'impedance', reflection coefficient, VSWR and return loss of a matching Pi attenuator. 0 dB. Each tool is written in Javascript. See the relationship between VSWR and return loss. Return Loss. It seems shabby, but the effect is much more pronounced over longer periods of time. Calculate your estimated harvest losses using a representative sample. ,100 % power transferred from a source to a load via a transmission line/cable). The ratio of a sinusoidal signal reflected back from the load to the incident signal is called return loss. Enter the source characteristic impedance and the load impedance then press "Calculate" below. This expected value calculator helps you to quickly and easily calculate the expected value (or mean) of a discrete random variable X. Not sure how well (or poorly) your trade went? Our gain and loss percentage calculator quickly tells you what percentage of the account balance you have won or lost. Return loss in a network is very similar. Here is how the Return Loss of Low-Noise Amplifier calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0. Link Budget Calculator. Return loss (RL) is the ratio of the reflected power to the incident power, in decibels (dB). 8 is 80%, or -0. Return loss is related to both standing wave ratio (SWR) and reflection coefficient (Γ). With our crypto investment calculator you can calculate your future crypto profit based on starting investment, additional contributions (daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly), rate of return, and years to grow. 142 BTU/hr. This requires minimum information from you, which can be. To calculate return. R/F Calculators and Conversion Tools VSWR / Return Loss Calculator Find VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), Return Loss, Mismatch Loss, and the Reflection Coefficient given any one of the listed input types. •Return loss (RL) is the self-port s-parameter (s ii) versus frequency. 464% for the index price and a. The ratio of a sinusoidal signal reflected back from the load to the incident signal is called return loss. Therefore, the line can have a maximum loss of 2. Just enter the value of source return loss, input return loss, output return loss, load return loss, device gain, and isolation then the calculator will compute the minimum and maximum gain. n is the number of payments you have made. Knowing this, you probably won't have any problems with a derivation of the return on equity formula: ROE = (net profit. They have different performance characteristics. Enter the source characteristic impedance and. An investment is when an individual invests a substantial amount at one go in a particular scheme. 1 interconnect channels. It also calculates the absolute amount for both. discount rate. The result will display the return loss in decibels (dB). Microstrip impedance calculator Mixer spur calculator mmWave Link Budget calculator Noise Figure/Temp converter Optimal Mitre calculator Path loss calculator Phase Noise to Jitter converter PLL PFD Frequency calculator PLL loop filter calculator Potential divider calculator Propagation time calculator Gamma to Impedance converter Reactance. 72 0. Therefore, a VSWR of less than 1. Result. VSWR/Return loss converter Wavelength calculator Wilkinson splitter designer. 954 dB is possible. Input return lossThis 2021 tax return and refund estimator provides you with detailed results for Tax Year 2021 (January 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021). Return Loss 1 (dB. Calculate VSWR, Return Loss, Reflection Coefficient, Match Efficiency, and Net Transmission Loss from an RF broadcast transmitters forward and reflected power readings. *Strictly, a loss quantity when expressed in dB should be positive. 54 dB insertion loss". The result of these calculations is displayed in percentages, but you may also express them in decimal form (e. This ratio represented in dB is called as. Active return loss and mismatch calculator with results for absolute impedance, return loss, VSWR, reflection coefficient and mismatch loss. This means that if the marginal tax bracket you’re in is 22% and your rental income is $5,000, you’ll end up paying $1,100. 00036, CLF = 0. ,100 % power transferred from a source to a load via a transmission line/cable). RF Tools This section of the site offers RF engineers quick access to popular calculators and design aids. Coax Cable Loss / Antenna Gain Calculator . everything RF has the largest selection of online calculators for the RF and Microwave Industry. VSWR (pronounced "viswar"), or the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, is the ratio of the maximum standing wave amplitude at one node to the minimum amplitude at another node in a system. The usual function of a transmission line is to convey power from a source to a load with minimal loss. 1 Return Loss. is of particular concern in the implementation of Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T) The value of impedances at the ends of the link must be equal to the characteristic impedance of the link. 9, for system 2 is 0. Tx re-refl. On the other hand, VSWR and the reflection coefficient are connected by the equation: VSWR = (1+|Γ. From the table we can understand that when the return loss is <10dB, the antenna will be at VSWR >2, indicating the system will reflect >30% power and the performance of the antenna will be <70%. 00: 0. VSWR Calculator. Gain from Investment - Cost of Investment. The IPC-2141 trace Impedance calculator will help make initial design easier by allowing the user to input basic parameters and get a calculated impedance according to the IPC-2141 standard. Keep the Use Crypto Price radio button selected. Claim Eligibility. In electronics, the decibel is most often used to express the. Now there are two conductors in a PCB transmission line – the signal trace and the return path. Please Support RF Cafe by purchasing my ridiculously low−priced products, all of which I created. This not only includes your investment capital and rate of return, but inflation, taxes and your time horizon. The return on a risk-free asset is used as a baseline to calculate risk premiums, for instance. Loss of earning capacity in California is determined on a case-by-case basis, considering factors like severity, occupation, age, and potential future earnings. It is an exchange traded share class of the Vanguard 500 index fund. The return loss of a load is merely the magnitude of the reflection coefficient expressed in decibels. This is an online calculator that calculates Return Loss based on VSWR. k. ". When an ideal match is not encountered by the incident (forward) wave, part of it is coupled to the load and part is reflected back to the source. They are useful at design time and for training purposes, both of which stimulated their development and use over the years. When you solve Maxwell's Equations for electromagnetic wave propagation, the electric field solutions look like this: E (z,t) = E * cos (γz - ωt). A01TKL_ RF Inductor by Coilcraft →. Increasing return loss corresponds to lower SWR. N = current stage. If you want to estimate how big your refund will be this year, you’ll be well served by our free tax return calculator. 8. 4. The extra loss may be due to intrinsic loss in the DUT and/or mismatch. October 20, 2022. 9) ∗ A. The reflection loss differs from insertion loss because the return loss signal energy isn’t being lost within the signal chain element, but actually reflected back into the signal. Here's a plot of the loss of WR-90 X-band waveguide. Connect Portfolio. How do you calculate attenuator loss? Enter values for R1 and R2 to calculate attenuator loss and impedance. The negative of insertion loss expressed in decibels is defined as insertion gain and is equal to the scalar logarithmic gain (see: definition above). 0 or the results don't mean anything!). 54 dB (11% of your transmitter power is reflected. For example, if you'd invest $ 5,000. When dealing with higher volumes of items, total profit is the difference between revenue and total cost. To calculate the frictional head loss in a pipe using the Hazen-Williams equation, follow these steps: Multiply the length of the pipe L with the volumetric flow rate Q raised to the power 1. Fiber Attenuation by Two Point Method. RF Cascade Workbook for Excel. This can be used to quickly estimate the cash flow and profit of an investment. Explanation. Note: The historical definition of return loss results in a negative sign. 00 today and contribute additional $ 100. A network analyzer can be used to make S parameter measurements. Suppose the wave is not matched with load and signal there is some unwanted signals are interrupted or signal loss is occurred. It is a ratio. 01. USB 3. Trade return calculators empower traders to assess risk more effectively by quantifying potential losses and rewards. A series of RF calculators for radio frequency engineers. Alternative measurements to the rate of return are internal rate of return. Divide that amount by the absolute value of the starting value. The tabs represent the desired parameter to be found. Most notably, a circulator generally has a much narrower bandwidth, which is undesirable in test equipment. One ton equals 12,000 BTUs, so if a house or office needs 24,000 BTUs, it will take a 2-ton HVAC unit. 00: 0. Thus with ~ 25% reflected power: Return Loss = -10 x Log [ 100/25. The last step is to calculate the percentage return for the investment. 868. Same-day shipping if you order in the next hours!. Note that this calculator does not include any trading fees earned, which may help cushion impermanent losses. This calculator allows calculation of VSWR from Zload (or Yload or S11) and Zo. Gain a greater understanding of how Return Loss affects signal quality and connectivity. • Loss is approximately 15. It also estimates a percentage of current balance required to get to the breakeven point again. VSWR is defined as the maximum voltage of the standing wave (E max) to the minimum voltage of the standing wave (E min ). Big parabolic antenna. Insertion loss is the measurement of the light that is lost between two fixed points in the fiber. Subtract the two numbers: $20,368 - $407. Crypto P&L Formula. Useful converters and calculatorsOctober 3, 2023 by GEGCalculators. 08+23))^2. Enter a value for VSWR (remember: VSWR should be a number larger than 1. Here is how the Return Loss of Low-Noise Amplifier calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0. 39 0. The crypto profit calculator will make it quick & easy for you!. Note that the Insertion Loss is typically low in the desired band of frequencies, and the Return Loss is high. Pi Attenuator Calculator. Every year when you file your income taxes, three things can happen. Return loss is the measure of how small the “return” or reflection/echo is. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, as summarized in Table 1 . $0. It’s typically expressed in decibels (dB) and calculated as the input power minus the output power. he matched loss of a cable with a characteristic impe-dance, Z 0, is the loss of the cable when it is terminated in Z 0. This bounce back reflection is called “return”. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is the measure of how efficiently RF power is transmitted and is expressed as a ratio of the maximum to minimum. The trace in picture 1 shows a Return Loss measurement of a cellular antenna matched between 806-869 MHz. Use our free income tax calculator to quickly estimate whether you'll receive a refund or owe the IRS. number) VSWR or % Reflected Power: MHz: a wavelength in inches or feet: Get Help. Manufacturing; Warranty; ANTENNAS . VSWR is defined as the ratio of the maximum to minimum voltage on a loss-less transmission line (expressed as 3. Total return is the total amount of profit (or loss) an investment. 1) (7. In either case, the resulting VSWR is 1. The measure of this reflected power is called as return loss. The calculator calculates the adjustment amount required for both the initial investment and the final value. R L = − 20 log 10 | ( Z − Z 0) ( Z + Z 0) |. From the beginning until the present, he invested a total of $50,000 into the project, and his total profits to date sum up to $70,000. Anjay. The coupler will reduce the outgoing and reflectance power levels by 3 dB plus some loss due to its inefficiency, typically ~ 3. An S&P 500 calculator is used to analyze data to calculate the total return, annualized return, and a summary of profit and loss. The term ‘forward power is synonymous with powered deliver to the load, or thru power. A calculator designed to compute the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission lineRG-8 and RG-213 (50 ohm); and RG-11 (75 ohm) are about 0. 64. Please enter your values below. Estimate your tax refund for 2023 by answering a few simple questions about your income with H&R Block’s easy-to-use, free tax calculator. The networking modernization process is becoming increasingly complex. Pi Attenuator Calculator. As we know that the reflection coefficient defines the amount of the electromagnetic wave is reflected due to the impedance discontinuity in a transmission path. It is expressed in dB. Q: If a business posts a net income of $10 million in current operations,. A high return loss is desirable and results in a lower insertion loss . It is expressed in dB - A high return loss means more power is lost at the load. Setting the argument of the cos function to a constant is like picking a point on the wave and riding on it. Step 2: Now click the button “Solve” to get the profit. U. Just enter the value and click calculate. The Smith Chart achieves this by superimposing a grid on S11 that maps load impedance. 43. 10. These parameters are often applied to antennas, RF filters and RF amplifiers such as LNAs and PAs. 891: 6. Select the desired futures market by clicking the drop-down menu. RF insertion loss is the reduction in signal power as it passes through an RF component or system. Cascaded Output IP3: O i P 3 C = 1 1 I P 3 N − 1 ⋅ G N + 1 I P 3 N [ m W] I P 3 C = 10 ⋅ l o g ( I P 3 C) [ d B m] C = cumulative up to and including stage N. In case of extra loss the insertion loss is defined to be positive. Enter a value for VSWR (remember: VSWR should be a number larger than 1. This calculator converts between return loss (RL), voltage standing wave ration (VSWR), and reflection coefficient (Γ). VSWR Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), or often given as just standing wave ratio (SWR), is the ratio between the transmitted and reflected voltage standing waves at a signal chain element incident node. VSWR and Return Loss RF Calculator VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is a measurement of how well matched a radio transmitter and transmission line is to a load such as an antenna. To help the engineers conducting VSWR sweeps, Lou developed the PIM and. ERL incorporates return loss with the effects of equalization—especially DFE—as well as transmitter noise and receiver frequency. VSWR = Voltage standing wave ratio. Optical return loss is given in units of dB and always a negative value for passive optics, with values closer to 0 representing larger reflections (poorer connections). Thus, your percentage return on your $10 per share investment is 70%. Any other value indicates that a portion of the energy is reflected. 10 by 100 and you get 10. The VSWR value range from 1. Just enter the value and click calculate. To use the Return Loss Calculator: Enter the incident power (Pi) and reflected power (Pr) values in Watts. The net profit margin is determined by dividing net profit by total revenues in the following way: net profit margin = net profit / total revenues. 5. VSWR to Return Loss Formula VSWR = (1 + 10-RL/20)/ (1 - 10-RL/20) Example Calculation A Return. You may calculate the return on investment using the formula: ROI = Net Profit / Cost of the investment * 100 If you are an investor, the ROI shows you the profitability of your investments. With a loss of 10%, you need a gain of about 11% to recover. step by step, of how to calculate return on assets using the formula above. Percentage of gain or loss. 54dB. VSWR is the voltage standing wave ratio it used to measure the all-types waves (example: antenna waves) during transmission. *Strictly, a loss quantity when expressed in dB should be positive. There are several steps to calculating a casualty or theft loss: Start with the total loss for each casualty or theft event. 4. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. Choose your currency to understand potential profit. This can be used for measuring loss of a length of fiber, where the OTDR will calculate the attenuation coefficient of the fiber, or the loss of a connector or splice. Working with an adviser may come with. power. This is expected behavior in the pass band of the filter where the match should be close to ideal. EXAMPLE of RF Cable Loss Calculator: INPUTS: Frequency = 2500 MHz, K1 = 0. This is an online calculator that calculates Return Loss based on VSWR. An antenna’s Return Loss is a figure that indicates the proportion of radio waves arriving at the antenna input that are rejected as a ratio against those that are accepted. Additional Contribution. rate of return = (final amount received - initial value) / initial value. Alternatively, Generate R1 and R2 for a wanted attenuation. Waveguide circulators and isolators have by far the best electrical characteristics. 0 comment 71 and 113 47 2. Matching Pi Attenuator Calculator. Yes, we did that without a calculator. 1, for system 2 is 0. A table of convenient values are presented at the bottom. Polar or rectangular grids only allow direct reading of S11. Trade return calculators help traders plan their trades based on their risk tolerance. Rule of Thumb #12. This calculator is used to calculate the uncertainty of gain for any active RF device (mostly amplifier) that occurs because of the impedance mismatch. The Rental Property Calculator can be used to discover invaluable. While this calculator will provide a baseline, any final design considerations should be made towards loss, dispersion, copper roughness, phase shift, etc. Enter values for R1 and R2 to calculate attenuator loss and impedance. Remember : before you start using rules of thumb, be sure to read the Rule of Thumb #0: Use rules. The correct equation for return loss is:. To calculate your profit or loss, subtract the current price from the original price, also referred to as the "cost basis. Egli Path Loss Calculator RF calculators and converters. $ = Gamma^2 = 10^{-RL/10}$ Power transmitted ratio for system 1 is 0. Both decimal point and comma are ok. This can be built into a FLEXI-BOX and a transmission line PCB is available which easily adapts for this circuit with one simple trimming operation. Follow the discussion. Just type the currency name in the search field. Return Loss (dB) 3. Calculates the resistor values, attenuation, minimum attenuation, 'impedance', reflection coefficient, VSWR and return loss of a matching Pi attenuator. Breakeven (BE) = strike price + option premium (145 + 3. Subtract starting value minus final value. Click Calculate. Here is how the Return Loss (dB) calculation can be explained with given input values -> 5. This final blog post in our “Back to Basics” series addresses the Return Loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) characteristics of antennas. To measure the length and attenuation of the fiber, we place the markers on. To use the calculator below, input a values into the fields and hit the enter key. How to calculate ROA in Excel? You can calculate ROA in Excel by entering the formula “=Net Income / (Beginning Total Assets + Ending Total Assets) / 2” in a cell, where “Net Income” is the company’s net profit, and “Beginning Total Assets” and “Ending Total Assets” represent the total assets at the start and end of the period. Let me explain: An antenna’s Return Loss is a figure that indicates the proportion of radio waves arriving at. Return loss and insertion loss are both measurements of how a component or device affects the transmission of signals in a system. It is an exchange traded share class of the Vanguard 500 index fund. Here's a quick line loss calculator to use Note that the simple program used for this web page gives a very close approximation for additional losses due to SWR. VSWR/Return Loss Converter. comThe formula for the annualized real rate of return takes into account inflation. VSWR & Return Loss Calculator: Enter forward and reflected power or match to determine equivalent values. g. WhatsApp. Thus with ~ 25% reflected power: Return Loss = -10 x Log [ 100/25. Suitable for VHF (~1. the final value minus the starting value Total Return on Investment - The total percentage gain (the true ROI) on the investment over the entire timeframe Compound Annual Growth Rate - The value of the total return when. 97dB. This program is provided "as-is". Stripline Impedance calculator Smith charts VSWR/Return loss converter Wavelength calculator Wilkinson splitter designer. To convert the cash ROI to a percentage, multiply it by 100. One of the simplest yet incredibly helpful calculators is Vanguard S&P 500 calculator. If you ignore the gain at either end, i. 33 for a 28,000 BTU load capacity, round up to a 2. – Expectancy is calculated by the formula: Expectancy = (Win% x Avg Win) – (Loss% x Avg Loss) * A positive value (above zero) indicates that the trading system is profitable. Mismatch uncertainty is the result of reflections adding and subtracting from each other when more than one interface is present. A typical return loss measurement setup is shown in Video 1. This is important in a network since most networks have several points. This calculator uses JavaScript and will function in most modern browsers. VSWR/Return Loss Converter. 79. 4 dB/150 ft RF coaxial cable loss formula. 36. The ratio of signal reflected back from the load to the forward signal absorbed by the load in dB is called return loss. 9) ∗ A ( 0. Return loss is an important new test measurement for local area networks, especially those migrating to higher speed protocols. This calculator converts between return loss (RL), voltage standing wave ration (VSWR), and reflection coefficient (Γ). Enter all known values of X and P (X) into the form below and click the "Calculate" button to calculate the expected value of X. If the percentage is negative, it means there was an increase and not an decrease.