Key features of the book are:* an up-to-date guide to the major periods of literature in English in Britain and Ireland* extensive coverage of post-1945 literature. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and. In other words a must read book for all the English Lit. literature, a body of written works. Simon Bates is Routledge’s Editor responsible for commissioning books on topics relating to Sociology, Politics, History, and Geography from authors based in North- and South-East Asia. Routledge History of Literature in English : Britain and Ireland by Carter, Ronald, McRae, John and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks. With a span from AD 600 to the present day, it emphasises the growth of literary writing, its traditions, conventions. . In the past, it primarily referred to the masterpieces of Western European literature; however, world literature today is increasingly seen in an international context. Ronald Carter is Research Professor of Modern English Language in the School of English Studies, University of Nottingham and is well-known for his work at the interface of language and literary studies. English language and literature source Addeddate 2023-04-11 15:38:58 Identifier the-routledge-history_202304 Identifier-ark ark:/13960/s28jt1nb3s6 Ocr tesseract 5. Continuum, 2004). I am the author of 10 monographs, and I've also edited many works of classic 19th century Gothic, including key works by Rider Haggard, Henry James, Robert Louis Stevenson, Bram Stoker, and H. Literature English literature Literature history Collection opensource. By Terry Gifford. . The Routledge Guide to Modern English Writing tells the story of British and Irish writing from 1963 to the present. 97. Merin Simi Raj is an Assistant Professor in the Dept. It includes extensive accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature. The Routledge International Handbook of Research on Writing. in. Students of writing are bound to be indebted to it - and it has a clarity of structure and analysis. An English literature definition includes writers from Britain, Ireland. However, recent events show that antisemitism is not just a matter of historical interest or of concern only to Jews. type: ptiff dc. Advances in Intelligent Decision-Making, Systems Engineering, and Project Management. Most likely language (detected). The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature from AD 600 to the present day. APA style. . The Old English language or Anglo-Saxon is the earliest form of English. He is co-author of The Routledge History of Literature in English with Ron Carter, and also wrote The Language of Poetry, Literature with a Small 'l' and the first critical edition of Teleny by Oscar Wilde and others. Cite this Lecture. publisher. Hello friends 🖐I have completed part1st Anglo Saxon in video two videos & this is video on Medieval literature starting with Geoffrey Chaucer and his works. Note: the file carter-ronald-mc-rae-john-the-routledge-history-of-literature-in-english-britain_meta. The Routledge History of Literature in English The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accThe Routledge History of Literature in English Ronald Carter 2001 This is a guide to the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, charting some of the main features of literary language development and highlighting key language topics. Not all writings constitute literature. and Thomas Cable. $56. It also witnessed the emergence of a mass literary culture which changed permanently the relationships between writers, readers and publishers. The Routledge History of Literature in English The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accThis new guide to the main developments in the history of British and Irish Literature uniquely charts some of the main features of literary language development and highlights key language topics. Eliot, etc. Download The Routledge History of Literature in English PDF. Biography. With a span from AD 600 to the present day, it emphasises the growth of literary writing, its traditions, conventions. The Routledge Companion to Politics and Literature in English provides an interdisciplinary overview of the vibrant connections between literature, politics, and the political. Routledge. Ronald Carter, John McRae Publisher - Edition/series info. 0 and Machine Learning. He is co-author of The Routledge History of Literature in English with Ron Carter, and also wrote The Language of Poetry, Literature with a Small 'l' and the first critical edition of Teleny by Oscar Wilde and others. Advances in Instructional Psychology Series. Publisher: Routledge. Ramiro Torrents / Getty Images. Description. With a span from AD 600 to the present day, it emphasises the growth of literary writing. Utilising a Trans-European context, this volume includes essays from leading academics in the field. A collection that uses photographic evidence and a range of analytical tools in order to situate and ‘frame’. pdf The Routledge History of Literature in English 🔍 2019 The Routledge History Of Literature In English Britain And Ireland - Ronald Carter. This ebook can be downloaded for FREE online on this page. English. keywords: Reniassance dc. English language and literature source. The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature at each stage. "Thus, a mujahid is someone who struggles or someone who fights. 1st Edition. English. List of illustrations Preface to the Third Edition. April 30, 2003. May 31, 2023. Understand the concept of Routledge History of Literature in English Series - 80 with NTA-UGC-NET & SET Exams course curated by Annie Mahindru on Unacademy. " (M. The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature at each stage. ernet. Language and Creativity: The Art of Common Talk. The Routledge History Of Literature In English Bri the-routledge-history-of-literature-in-english-bri 2 Downloaded from usa. (2018, August 15). As I remarked then, this work of literary history was being created at a time when our sense of the literary past and of the tradition was changing a good deal. APA style. English literature -- History and criticism, English language -- History, Great Britain -- Intellectual life, Ireland -- Intellectual life Publisher London ; New York : Routledge Collection inlibrary; printdisabled;. English Deutsch Français Español Português Italiano Român Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Türkçe Suomi Latvian Lithuanian česk. This new guide to the main developments in the history of British and Irish Literature uniquely charts some of the main features of literary language development and highlights key language topics. Fwd. With a span from AD 600 to the present day, it emphasises the growth of literary writing,. Routledge History of Literature in English by Ronald Carter, John McRae, 2016, Taylor & Francis Group edition, in EnglishA Critical History of English Literature (4 volumes) – David Daiches, The Routledge History of Literature in English, 2nd edition. The Anglo-Saxon or Old English Period (450–1066) The Anglo-Norman or Middle English period (1066–1500) The Renaissance Period (1500–1660) The Neoclassical Period (1660–1798) The Romantic Period (1798–1837) The Victorian Period (1837–1901) The Modern Period (20th Century Literature) History of English Literature Books. • encourages readers to think critically about the subject. —Theearliest EnglishPoems 11 c. 2019. A History of the English Language Fifth Edition Baugh and Cable’s A History of the English Language has long been considered the standard work in the field. en. • provides ‘discussion points’ to generate debate. Research Research overview I specialise in literature, film, and cultural history from the 19th century to the present day. The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature at each stage. Search the Wayback Machine An illustration of a magnifying glass. Albert's History of English Literature has won for itself a secure place as a study of literary history and criticism. Ronald Carter is Research Professor of Modern English Language in the School of English Studies, University of Nottingham and is well-known for his work at the interface of language and literary studies. Page 3 : Praise for the second edition:, ‘An expansive, generous and varied textbook of British literary history . Cite this Lecture. Annie Mahindru. It covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature and has extensive accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language. Love Through the Ages. [Routledge History of Philosophy 10] John Canfield - Routledge History of Philosophy. 0 Ratings 1 Want to read; 0 Currently reading; 0 Have read; Share. 95 $44. The Routledge History Of Literature In English Bri Pdf Recognizing the pretentiousness ways to acquire this books The Routledge History Of Literature In English Bri Pdf is additionally useful. View Details. the figure of the interpreter at different moments of. 2019 Language. The Routledge History of Witchcraft is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study of the belief in witches from antiquity to the present day, providing both an introduction to the subject of witchcraft and an overview of the on-going debates. 3MB. C. English [en], pdf, 3. urgency in the aftermath of the attacks of 9/11, as Theo D haen has emphasised in his Routledge Concise History of World Literature. The Routledge History of Literature in English Author. Landmark writers range from William Shakespeare and Arundhati Roy to Jane Austen and Kazuo. to read read. English language and literature source Addeddate 2023-04-11 15:38:58 Identifier the-routledge-history_202304 Identifier-ark ark:/13960/s28jt1nb3s6 Ocr tesseract 5. Cite this Lecture. McRae, J. 95 3 Used from $61. Chapter 3: Literary translation and disciplinary boundaries. Chapter 5: Theory and literary translation practice. Annie Mahindru. Rob Langham – Modern History since 1918, Research. . Language & Literature; Language & Linguistics; English Language; History of English; Clear Subjects. Literature: A Reader in Stylistics (1982), The Web of Words (with teacher’s book, 1987),. It includes extensive accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature. It emphasizes the growth of literary writing, its traditions, conventions and changing characteristics, and includes literature from the margins, both geographical and cultural. Divided into four parts, this book presents a wide range of case studies relating to different aspects of monarchy. 3. Rate this book. Translation practice, translation theory and translation criticism have also been powerfully affected by the focus on gender. This book explores the long, jagged history of This is a completely updated and expanded second edition of the wide-ranging and accessible Rutledge History of Literature in English. (2018, December 20). The Routledge History Of Literature In English Bri Pdf When people should go to the ebook stores, search creation by shop, shelf by shelf, it is truly problematic. The name has traditionally been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. Dr. Mirsky, Francis J. This first volume in the series traces the development of philosophy over two-and-a-half centuries, from Thales at the beginning of the sixth century BC to the death of Plato in 347 BC. APA style. 1450–1800 - David Hitchcock 2020-12-31 The Routledge History of Poverty, c. It is an up-to-date enterprise, graphically and clearly<br /> presented, with good visual support, telling the story plainly, and<br />. This is a completely updated and expanded second edition of the wide-ranging and accessible Routledge History of Literature in English. Monograph . . The Routledge History of Literature in English Britain and Ireland Ronald Carter and John McRae with a foreword by Malcolm Bradbury R London and New York The Routledge History of Literature in English ‘Widesanying, very ates . Amazon. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by may of trade or otherwise, be lent re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser 1st Edition. Focusing on the work of British and Irish authors, The Routledge Concise History of Nineteenth-Century Literature: considers changes in literary forms, styles and genres, as well as in critical discourses. A History of Indian Literature in English - Free ebook download as PDF File (. IN COLLECTIONS. A Sociolinguistic History of British English Lexicography. The class will be in English and notes will be in English. Understand the concept of Routledge History of Literature in English Series - 71 with NTA-UGC-NET & SET Exams course curated by Annie Mahindru on Unacademy. Recognizing the exaggeration ways to acquire this ebook the routledge history of literature in english is additionally useful. The Routledge History Of Literature In English Bri Pdf Yeah, reviewing a books The Routledge History Of Literature In English Bri Pdf could add your close associates listings. History of Literature, English language, Britain, Ireland Downloads Download data is not yet available. With a span from AD 600 to the current day, it emphasises the expansion of. The Routledge History of Literature in English: Britain and Ireland Ronald Carter, John McRae, Malcolm Bradbury (Foreword) 4. routledge+history+of+literature+in+english. Its continued popularity suggests that the value of its judgments remains for the most part unimpaired. "The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature from AD 600 to the present day. pdf The Routledge History of Literature in English 🔍 2019The Routledge history of literature in English : Britain and Ireland : Carter, Ronald, 1947- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. 2019 Year. Ronald Carter, John McRae Publisher - Edition/series info. • introduces key linguistic concepts. Revision Series On English for UP PGT - Session -4. Share your videos with friends, family, and the worldUnderstand the concept of Routledge History of Literature in English Series - 86 with NTA-UGC-NET & SET Exams course curated by Annie Mahindru on Unacademy. Her recent publications include Shakespeare, Race and Colonialism (2002) and Postcolonial Studies and Beyond(2005; co-edited with Suvir Kaul, Antoinette Burton, Matti Bunzl and Jed Esty). The Routledge History of Literature (English) Poets and Writers like Shakespeare, Wordsworth, T. Ronald Carter. Search the history of over 865 billion web pages on the Internet. The increasing prominence of work by writers like Christos Tsiolkas, heightened through television and film adaptation, as well as the award of. 1st. Introducing Translation Studies remains the definitive guide to the theories and concepts that make up the field of translation studies. The Routledge Companion to Korean Literature consists of 35 chapters written by leaders in the field, who explore significant topics and who have pioneered innovative approaches. you can also go through: Best History Books for UPSC – Ancient & Modern (IAS Exam)'The Routledge History of Literature in English is, as its title implies, an enormously ambitious and wide-ranging work. The Routledge History of Literature in English The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accby Carter, Ronald. TORRENT download. The Routledge History of Literature in English: Britain and Ireland. Updated on July 03, 2019. McRae, J. Literature English literature Literature history Collection opensource. Love Through the Ages. EN English. By searching the title, publisher, or authors of guide you in fact want, you can discover them rapidly. 99 paper, $110. With a span from AD 600 to the present day, it emphasises the growth of literary. Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that studies the stock of words (the lexicon) in a given language. The Westin Buckhead Atlanta. It covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature and has extensive accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature. of Humanities and Social Sciences at IIT Madras. He has written, History. Quinsey. 3. 7K followers • English. routledge+history+of+literature+in+english. Although the Romant. With a span from AD 600 to the present day, it emphasises the growth of literary writing,. It covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature and has extensive accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature. TORRENT download. English Law, the Legal Profession, and Colonialism: Histories, Parallels,. Rob commissions books in Modern History, primarily of a research nature. in - Buy The Routledge History of Literature in English: Britain and Ireland book online at best prices in India on Amazon. Publication date. The Routledge History of Literature in English is an invaluable reference for any student of English literature and language. English Deutsch Français Español Português Italiano Român Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Türkçe Suomi Latvian Lithuanian česk. The seminars explicitly addressed the interface between language and literature teaching to investigate the ways in which literature can be used as a resource for. Hinglish. Given the very recent emergence of World Literature as an active eld of study, though D haen might almost have titled his book World Literature s Concise History. Carter, John Mcrae, M. eBook Published 4 January 2002. 50. 43<br />. The English course is delivered in English. Katherine M. S. created by ia_make_torrentThe Routledge History of Literature in English is designed to meet<br /> that need. Ronald Carter, John McRae. English. Focusing on how writing both reflects and challenges the periodsThe Routledge History of Loneliness takes a multidisciplinary approach to the history of a modern emotion, exploring its form and development across cultures from the seventeenth century to the present. Ronald Carter, John McRae. , Lexicology and Corpus Linguistics. Note: the file carter-ronald-mc-rae-john-the-routledge-history-of-literature-in-english-britain_meta. , addressed equally to the British and foreign reader. Conceived during the Second World War with a view to ensuring the most important historical documents remained available and accessible in perpetuity, the first. John McRae worked in more than 70 countries during his career as Professor, author, and theatre maker. The Routledge History of Literature in English McDougal Littell : The Language of Literature Algebra 2, Student Edition The Language Of Literature : British Literature The Norton Anthology of English Literature The English Studies Book The French Language and British Literature, 1756-1830 Bad English The language of literature British. download 12 Files download 6 Original. Corso: Cultura e letteratura inglese (130474) 199 Documenti. The Routledge History<br /> of Literature in English<br /> ‘Wide-ranging, very accessible . Incorporating examples from a wide variety of texts History of English provides an interactive and structured textbook that will be essential reading for all students of English language and linguistics. Achter. With a span from AD 600 to the present day, it emphasises the growth of literary writing, its traditions. 1 online resource (xi, 272 pages) : The Routledge Concise History of Southeast Asian Writing in English traces the development of literature in the region€within its historical and cultural contexts, establishing connections from the colonial activity of the early modern period through to contemporary writing across nations such as Thailand, China, Malaya,. DThe term “English literature” refers to the body of written works produced in the English language by inhabitants of the British Isles from the 7th century to the present, ranging from drama, poetry, and fiction to autobiography and historical writing. Taylor - [Routledge History of Philosophy]. 31st, 2023. Report "Carter, Ronald & Mcrare, John - The Routledge History Of Literature In English. 1780-1947 (2007). Routledge History of Literature in English Series - 73. Understand the concept of History of Literature in English Routledge Series - 47 with NTA-UGC-NET & SET Exams course curated by Annie Mahindru on Unacademy. He has written, Ronald Carter, who has died aged 71, was for most of his long career Professor of Modern English Language at the University of Nottingham and has left his influence on the teaching and understanding of English in the UK and across the world. Late Modern English. 4. xml contains metadata about this torrent's contents. Routledge (/ ˈ r aʊ t l ɪ dʒ / ROWT-lij) is a British multinational publisher. Given the very recent emergence of World Literature as an active eld of study, though D haen might almost have titled his book World Literature s Concise History. The English course is delivered in English. The narrative is underpinned by quotations from poetry, prose and drama. An English literature definition includes writers from Britain, Ireland. Addeddate 2017-01-16 05:58:55 Identifier in. subject. Morris. ISBN-13. Ronald Carter, John McRae Publisher - Edition/series info. Ronald Carter, John McRae. Frederick Luis Aldama traces a historical path through Latino/a literature, examining both the historical and political contexts of the works, as well as their authors and the. English. In places, however, the last twenty years have inevitably seen changes of perspective and revaluations; these the present 4. The Routledge History of Literature in English Author. This directory and the files within it may be erased once retrieval completes. download 322 Files download 36 Original. English [en], pdf, 3. The Cambridge History of English Literature, 1660-1780 English Literature The Norton Anthology of English Literature Wilderness Ways F. Download PDF. The Routledge Companion to Medieval English Literature offers a new, inclusive, and comprehensive context to the study of medieval literature written in the English language from the Norman Conquest to the end of the Middle Ages. He used the term "Neo-Europes" to describe the. 95. 95 paper. Paul Simpson, Queen’s University Belfast ‘An excellent introduction, well organised, accessible and readable. The Routhledge History of Literature in English per paper. In her article "Periodization, Meneghelli discusses why periodization is one of the most problematic issues in Following a discussion of literary history and comparative literature, Meneghelli…. Nishikant Jha Ph. 97. 00 $127. 2019 Language. . - Support libraries: If this is available at your local library, consider borrowing it for free there. Ronald Carter is Research Professor of Modern English Language in the School of English Studies, University of Nottingham and is well-known for his work at the interface of language and literary studies. Jessica Gildersleeve 🔍. This new guide to the main developments in the history of British and Irish Literature uniquely charts some of the main features of literary language development and highlights key language topics. With a new added chapter chronicling writings from the twenty-first century, this ideal volume is―to date―unique, unrivalled. . It offers judicious thumb-nail sketches of significant individual writers, and also valuable portraits of literary movements. Each Language Workbook guides the reader through the subject using ‘hands-on’ language analysis, equipping them with the basic analytical skills needed to handle a. The College English Association, a gathering of scholar-teachers in English studies, welcomes proposals for presentations on Post-Colonial Literature for our 53rd annual conference. Philanthropy and Early Twentieth-Century British Literature - Milena Radeva-Costello 2018-12-21 Philanthropy and Early Twentieth. Here Are the Best Torrent Sites in 2023. London and New York: Routledge, 1997”. 2019 Year. highly attentive to cultural and social<br /> change and, above all, to the changing history of the language. From the historical avant-gardes to avant-pop, digital fiction and code poetry, this Companion will be an indispensable guide. Abingdon, Routledge, 2013. ABSTRACT. The book offers both historical and systematic treatments of these issues, as well as addressing their contemporary relevance. The Routledge History of Literature in English The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with acc The Routledge History of Literature in English Ronald Carter 2001 This is a guide to the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, charting some of the main features of literary language development and highlighting key language topics. This is a completely updated and expanded second edition of the wide-ranging and accessible Routledge History of Literature in English . He has written,The Routledge Histories, Worlds, and History Handbooks and Companions introduce the reader to a wide range of scholarship on a specific time, place, or theme. Format: Hardcover. com. Revision Series On English for UP PGT - Session -4. epub . 2. The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature at each stage. title: The Rise Of English Literary History. TORRENT download. dli. The Routledge History of Literature in English 🔍 Routledge, 1, 1997 Ronald Carter 🔍 “This new guide to the main developments in the history of British and Irish Literature uniquely charts some of the main features of literary language development and highlights key language topics. . The most important authors will be mentioned and excerpts from their works. This is just one of the solutions for you to be successful. EN. The Routledge History of Literature in English. Providing an accessible and up-to-date overview, it has long been the essential textbook on courses worldwide. The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of the British Empire during the 18th, 19th and early 20th-century saw the expansion of the English language. English [en], pdf, 3. March 21-23 | Atlanta, Georgia. ’. She specializes in Postcolonial Writing, Modernity Studies. The Routledge Introductory Persian Course: Farsi Shirin Ast is an innovative Persian language course designed both for undergraduate and postgraduate students who are new to the language. 3MB, Ronald Carter, John McRae - The Routledge History of Literature in English (2019, ). CONTENTS. Previous page. The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature at each stage. The Routledge History of Witchcraft is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study of the belief in witches from antiquity to the present day, providing both an introduction to the subject of witchcraft and an overview of the on-going debates. Similar Classes. The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accompanying language notes which explore the interrelationships between language and literature at each stage. 28 avg rating — 67 ratings — published 2004 — 19 editions. EN. The Routledge History of Literature in English. . . Today, English literature is one of the most popular college courses around the world. The present course aims at familiarizing the students with the history of English literature, with the way in which different literary trends have developed from ancient times to the present day, and with different theoretical problems concerning the literary discourse. Edition. APA style. If you try toThe Routledge History of Loneliness by Katie Barclay English | 2023 | ISBN: 0367355086 | 513 pages | True PDF | 14. The Linguistic Turn of the English Renaissance: A Lacanian Perspective. The English course is delivered in English. Clearly structured and highly readable, unlike traditional histories of literature it spans over a thousand years of literary history from AD 600 to. Read more. This was a changing world, which British and Irish writers both contributed to and reflected in drama, poetry and prose. . Guy and Ian small; pp. The history of English Literature starts with the Anglo-Saxons and Germanic settlers in Anglo-Saxon England in the 5th century, c. 101. com on 2019-06-28 by guest interventions The Routledge Guide to Modern English Writing John McRae 2004 This book is a user-friendly guide to English literature from 1960 to the present. This is why we allow the books compilations in this website. In this session Annie Mahindru will continue to cover the Routledge History of Literature in English. PDF. accompanied by them is this The Routledge History Of Literature In English Bri Pdf that can be your partner. The Routledge History of Literature in English The Routledge History of Literature in English covers the main developments in the history of British and Irish literature, with accEnglish [en], pdf, 28. Nadine Gordimer’s July’s People (Routledge Guides to Literature), (London: Routledge, 2011) Journal Articles routledge+history+of+literature+in+english EN English Deutsch Français Español Português Italiano Român Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Türkçe Suomi Latvian Lithuanian český русский български العربية Unknown "Immensely accessible, comprehensive and reader-friendly, the 3rd edition of The Routledge History of Literature in English provides interested readers with a thorough exploration of British and Irish literature. Ronald Carter, John McRae Publisher - Edition/series info. cm. 'The Routledge History of Literature in English is, as its title implies, an enormously ambitious and wide-ranging work. Criticism – Terminology. 20th, 2023. Refresh and try again. Original Price $270. Covering main developments in British and Irish literature with accompanying language notes exploring the interrelationships between language and literatureThis is a completely updated and expanded second edition of the wide-ranging and accessible Routledge History of Literature in English. The Routledge History of Literature in English: Britain and Ireland.